Long-Term Effects of Lymphoma Treatment: What to Expect

1. Late and Long-Term Effects of Lymphoma Treatment Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) can have lasting side effects, some of which may appear long after treatment ends. (The latter are called late effects.) These can include permanent issues like infertility, heart damage, and low thyroid hormones. As more people are surviving HL for extended periods, it is crucial to be aware of these late and long-term side effects.

2. Second Cancer • HL treatment increases the risk of developing a second cancer. • Vigilance and regular screenings are crucial for early detection. • Collaborate with your healthcare team to create a personalized surveillance plan.

3. Fertility issues • Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for HL can impact fertility, especially in younger patients, leading to reduced or lost fertility. • Males may have temporary or permanent sperm production issues, while females may experience changes in their menstrual cycles, including early menopause. • Address potential fertility concerns by discussing fertility preservation options, such as sperm banking or ovarian relocation, before starting treatment.

4. Infections • Individuals with HL may experience immune system dysfunction, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. • Treatment modalities like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or splenectomy (rarely performed nowadays) can further compromise the immune system. • Patients who undergo splenectomy should receive vaccinations against specific bacteria to mitigate the risk of infection.

5. Thyroid Problems • Radiation therapy targeting the chest or neck in HL treatment can impact the thyroid, leading to decreased production of thyroid hormone. • Hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels, may require lifelong daily medication. • Patients who have received radiation to the neck or upper chest should undergo annual blood tests to assess thyroid function. Regular monitoring is crucial for the timely detection and management of thyroid problems.

6. Heart Disease and Stroke • Radiation to the chest increases the risk of heart disease and heart attacks, although modern radiation techniques have reduced this concern. Certain chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin, can also lead to heart damage that may appear years after treatment. • Regular monitoring of heart function is essential, and your doctor may recommend ongoing assessments for many years after treatment. • Radiation to the neck can raise the risk of stroke by damaging the blood vessels supplying the brain. An ultrasound may be used to evaluate the health of blood vessels in the neck.

7. Lung Damage • Lung damage is a potential consequence of HL treatment, particularly from the chemotherapy drug bleomycin and radiation therapy to the chest. • Symptoms such as shortness of breath may not manifest until years after treatment. • It is crucial for individuals who have undergone these treatments to avoid smoking, as it can exacerbate lung damage and pose additional risks to respiratory health.

8. The long-term effects of lymphoma treatment can have a profound impact on the lives of survivors. To support lymphoma patients and further advancements in treatment and survivorship, we encourage you to consider donating. Your contribution can help fund research initiatives, patient support programs, and advocacy organizations dedicated to improving outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for those affected by lymphoma. Let’s make a difference in the lives of these individuals and work towards a future where lymphoma is easily overcome.