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Parliament in India

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Parliament in India

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  1. Political Institutions & Parties Parliament in India

  2. Republic of India • A federal republic with a parliamentary system of government • capital: New Delhi

  3. A federal system • 26 states and 6 centrally administered Union Territories • 2 states are partially claimed by Pakistan and China

  4. Federal system • Relatively centralized • federal government controls the most essential government functions • defense • foreign policy • taxation • public expenditures • economic (industrial) planning

  5. Federal system • state governments formally control • agriculture • education • law and order within states • dependent on central government for funds

  6. Federal system • Balance of power between central and state governments • varies by time and place • state power was constrained • during the rule of Nehru and Indira Gandhi • state governments have more room to maneuver • when central government is weak • since 1998

  7. Federal system • considerable center-state conflict when ruling political party in a state is different from national ruling party

  8. The legislature • Parliamentary system of government • the executive authority is responsible to the Parliament

  9. The legislature • bicameral Parliament • Rajya Sabha (Council of States) • Lok Sabha (House of the People)

  10. Rajya Sabha (Council of States) • The Upper House

  11. Upper House • Rajya Sabha (Council of States) • not more than 250 members • 12 are nominated by the President of India • the rest are indirectly elected • by state Legislative Assemblies • The Council of States can not be dissolved • members have terms of 6 years • 1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year

  12. Lok Sabha • House of the People

  13. Lower House • Lok Sabha (House of the People) • 545 members • 2 are appointed by the President of India • the rest are directly elected from single-member districts • 5-year terms unless dissolved • Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer • the Speaker

  14. Lok Sabha • Elections held at least every 5 years • Prime Minister may call elections earlier • 543 single-member districts of roughly equal population • party nomination • 1st-past-the-post • winner-take-all • women’s share

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