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Advancements in Timing Detector Technology for High-Energy Physics Experiments

Discover the evolution of Timing RPCs in HEP research, from ALICE@LHC to future projects like NICA@JINR. Explore the design, efficiency, and time resolution improvements in contemporary RPC detectors, offering insights into groundbreaking experiments globally.

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Advancements in Timing Detector Technology for High-Energy Physics Experiments

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  1. Spectrometer Timing Detector MRPC option P. Fonte

  2. Outlook • timing RPCs in the world • relevant experience of LIP • the RPC neutron TOF detector prototype

  3. tRPCs in the world – ALICE@LHC RPC @ CERN/LHC

  4. tRPCs in the world – STAR@RHIC

  5. tRPCs in the world – (ex) FOPI@GSI

  6. tRPCs in the world – HADES@GSI [G.Kornakov, XII workshop on RPCs, 2014]

  7. tRPCs in the world – BGOegg@LEPS2 (SPRING8)

  8. tRPCs in the world – TOF endcap@BESIII

  9. tRPCs in the world – future CBMTOF@FAIR

  10. tRPCs in the world – future NICA@JINR

  11. tRPCs in the world • HARP@CERN (the first experiment to use tRPCs) • PANDA@FAIR

  12. First 50 ps tRPCs -HV 3 4 x 0.3 mm gaps [ Fonte 2000] Aluminum Glass Resolution of thereference counter • = 99.5 % for MIPs (75%/gap) (optimum operating point  1% of discharges)

  13. Large area counter 1,6 m HV 4 timing channels Ordinary 3 mm “window glass” 5 cm Copper strips Active area = 10 cm160 cm = 0.16 m2(400 cm2/electronic channel) Top view Cross section [Blanco 2001]

  14. Large area counter 100%  = 95 to 98 % 99% 98% 97% Time efficiency 96% Strip A 95% Strip B 94% Strips A+B 93% -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Center of the trigger region along the strips (cm) 100  = 50 to 75 ps 90 80 Time resolution (ps ) 70 60 50 40 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Center of the trigger region along the strips (cm) Efficiency and time resolution [Blanco 2001] No degradation when the area/channel was doubled (800 cm2/channel)

  15. HADES RPC TOF Wall

  16. HADES - Design rows 2 layers of individual cells with partial overlap • 187 cells/sector distributed in 29 rows and 6 columns, 3 on top and 3 on bottom • 1122 cells total • 124 different detectorswithvariable width, length and shape  no attempt at impedance matching

  17. HADES cells • 0.27 mm  4 gaps • minimum for good efficiency • Aluminum and glass 2mm electrods • minimize amount of glass for maximum rate capability • try to keep good mechanics • Heat-tolerant materials Fully shielded Spring-loaded pressure plate Aluminium Glass HV & readout in the center

  18. HADES Au-Au RPC time resolution

  19. HADES PID plot Sub-threshold produced K- clearly visible: robust multihit performance

  20. Autonomous RPCs - Motivation Cosmic ray experiments may benefit from robust ionizing particle detectors with large area, good segmentation and excellent position and timing characteristics: RPCs. For instance…

  21. Muon detection at ARGO-YBJ@TIBET, PRC Bakelite, streamer-mode RPCs

  22. Auger observatory telescope building “Los Leones” Area ~3000 km2 LIDAR station communication tower Cerenkov tank (1/1600) 23

  23. Field experience@Malargüe – 1st MARTA station 2 RPC units

  24. RPC & gas volume 1550 mm 1250 mm 1.8m2 active area

  25. Construction details • - Signal-transparent and nice-looking acrylic box, 1mm thick covers • - Permanently glued • - RPC fits tightly inside • good electrode support mechanics • excellent HV insulation • excellent gas tightness HV layer, also signal-transparent 3 RPC glasses (2mm soda-lime) External pickup electrodes

  26. Readout: 64 external pads (or something else)

  27. La carrosserie en place Cost estimate in mass production (3200m2): 1k€/m2 with slow electronics (MAROC chip)

  28. Whereabouts Few tens of chambers produced Sucessfully installed in

  29. The NEULAND RPC neutron TOF detector prototype Symmetric MRPCs with 4 or 10 gaps 3 mm thick glass (for neutrons to have something to interact with) Not optimal for timing [J.Mahado 2013] Still in use today as a cosmic ray telescope

  30. The NEULAND RPC neutron TOF detector prototype [J.Mahado 2013]

  31. The NEULAND RPC neutron TOF detector prototype [J.Mahado 2013]

  32. Collaborators The HADES RPC Group GSI • D.Gonzalez • W.Koenig • M.Traxler • G. Kornakov LIP A.Blanco N.Carolino O.Cunha P.Fonte L.Lopes A.Pereira C.Silva C.C.Sousa USC • D.Belver • P.Cabanelas E.Castro J.A.GarzónM.Zapata IFIC-Valencia • J.Diaz • A.Gil The NEULAND RPC team • LIP • A.Blanco • N.Carolino • P.Fonte • L.Lopes • A.Pereira Univ. Lisboa • D.Galaviz • A. Henriques • P. Teubig • P. Velho

  33. Collaborators The MARTA team @ AUGER CBPF - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Brazil FZU - Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic IFSC / USP - Instituto de Física de S. Carlos, Universidade de S. Paulo, Brazil LIP - Laboratório de Instrumentação e Partículas, Portugal UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil UFRJ - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universitá di Roma II, “Tor Vergata”, Italy USC - Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain

  34. Summary Timing RPCs were, are and will be used in many HEP experiments: the modern high-performance, large area TOF technology. The low-cost environmentally friendly (low gas flow) RPC construction technology developed for remote standalone stations may be applied to the SHiP timing detector. 80 ps resolution already proven in large area prototypes, however not optimized for MIPs. This may revolutionize costwise the construction of large, low-rate, low-multiplicity, TOF detectors, opening way for even larger TOF detectors.

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