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2. Entry Task: Turn in on separate sheet 10 Minutes • Just write number and answer: DO NOT WRITE THE QUESTION • 1. Why do Fluorescent tubes produce a thin line spectra? • 2. Think about the spectrum you might see when viewing a white hot campfire. Should the spectrum from a campfire be similar to any of the three light source spectra? If so, which one or ones and why? • 3. Define “Alpha Particle” and tell me how it was used in Rutherford’s Experiment. (Two Sentences) • 4. When the alpha particles where shooting off at different angles what did Rutherford conclude? (Pick One) • The alpha particles (were/were not) ricocheting off electrons

3. Rutherford Pre-Activity Notes( Eric Muller Exploratorium 2003) • Lets review how a marbles roll and bounce of other objects. • Why are they behaving that way? • The marbles can tell you about what’s under the board by how they scatter. • You can make a really good guess about an unknown object even though you cannot see it

4. Rutherford Pre-Activity Notes • Optional- Marble roller: • Since you will be rolling marbles under this device, it is recommended that the balls roll straight. • Rolling by hand often causes the balls to roll in unexpected directions. • Try this for rolling marbles straight • Place the marble in the groove of an elevated 1-foot ruler. • Use the ruler's groove to guide the marble as it rolls.

5. Rutherford Roller: How to and Rules • To do and notice: • Students should roll marbles under the cardboard to find out what's under it. • The two basic questions are: • What's the shape of the object? • Where's the object located? • There are two rules for this activity: • 1. YouMust NOTlook under the cardboard until instructed. • 2. You can only roll marbles under the cardboard to figure out what's there.

6. Rutherford Roller: Data Collection • A recommend method for collecting is data: • draw lines that show where the marble enters its journey under the cardboard and where it exits. • Since you can not look under the cardboard, the lines represent inferred paths of travel.

7. Rutherford Roller: Methods • Techniques: • 1. You can place a piece of paper on top of the device and draw the line on this sheet

8. Rutherford Roller: Methods • Techniques: • 2. Or place the device on top of a sheet of butcher paper and draw the lines here • When finished, the device can be lifted and the lines can be extended to show where the shape might be located.

9. Rutherford Rollers Lab • 1. What did you do? (Describe the lab procedures) • 2. Where was your item located? • What your group thought • Actual Results • 3. What was the shape of your item? • What your group thought • Actual Results • 4. How is this lab similar to what Rutherford’s experiment.

10. History of the Atom • Many Changes over time • Democritus • matter is made up of particles called atoms • Dalton • atoms of the same element are alike • solid indivisible spheres • Thomson • cathode ray tube • discovers electrons • plum pudding model

11. History of the Atom • Rutherford • Gold foil experiment • discovers a massive (heavy) positively (+) charged nucleus • most of the atoms volume is empty space • nuclear model

12. History of the Atom • Bohr • Hydrogen emission spectra • electron energy is quantized – electrons can only have certain orbits with certain radii • planetary model • Schrödinger • Aided by many famous scientists (De Broglie, Heisenberg, etc…) • Wave-mechanical or electron cloud or quantum-mechanical model (very complex)

13. Question: Subatomic particles can usually pass undeflected through an atom because the volume of an atom is composed of (1) an uncharged nucleus (2) largely empty space (3) neutrons (4) protons þ