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Spectrum Management for Astronomy - IUCAF and Commission 50 -

Spectrum Management for Astronomy - IUCAF and Commission 50 -. Wim van Driel IUCAF / Paris Observatory, France. IAU GA Com 50, Praha, 23/08/2006. Spectrum management. The electromagnetic spectrum is a finite, and increasingly precious resource for astronomical research

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Spectrum Management for Astronomy - IUCAF and Commission 50 -

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  1. Spectrum Management for Astronomy - IUCAF and Commission 50 - Wim van Driel IUCAF / Paris Observatory, France IAU GA Com 50, Praha, 23/08/2006

  2. Spectrum management • The electromagnetic spectrum is a finite, and increasingly precious resource for astronomical research • Our observations must be free of harmful interference emitted by other spectrum users: • - technical methods: interference mitigation • - regulatory methods: spectrum management • = the task of accommodating • - all competing (radio) services and systems • - within the finite range of the (radio) frequency spectrum • e.g., by allocating frequency bands, defining limits on RFI

  3. spectrum management problem space

  4. IUCAF: meetings, meetings, meetings Mainly in Geneva, home of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which literaly writes The Book on worldwide spectrum management, the Radio Regulations and revises it once every three years: new allocations, protection criteria, … which takes a one month meeting with 2000+ participants (incl. 18 astronomers); World Radiocommunication Conference

  5. Astronomers ( ) in the worldwide spectrum management circus      worldwide IUCAF COSPAR Committee on Space Research IAUInternational Astronomical Union URSI International Union of Radio Science CORF Committee on Radio Frequencies (USA) CRAF Committee on Radio Astronomical Frequencies (EUR) RAFCAP Radio Astronomy Frequency Committee in the Asia-Pacific Region ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions ITU International Telecommunication Union RA Radiocommunication Assembly SG 7 Radiocommunication Study Group7 WRC World Radiocommunication Conference  

  6. Scientific Committee on Frequency Allocations for Radio Astronomy and Space Science formerly known as the Inter-Union Commission on the Allocation of Frequencies for Space Research and Radio Astronomy www.iucaf.org

  7. The “Inter-Union” aspect of IUCAF - Created in 1960 by ICSU (International Council for Science), a non-governmental organisation, representing 101 national scientific bodies and 27 international Scientific Unions that - coordinates interdisciplinary research - helps create international networks in close relationship with, e.g., UNESCO IUCAF is an interdisciplinary body of ICSU Sponsoring ICSU Scientific Unions: COSPAR space science IAU astronomy URSI radio science

  8. The brief of IUCAF To study and coordinate the requirements of radio frequency allocations for passive radio sciences, such as radio astronomy, space research and remote sensing, in order to make these requirements known to the national and international bodies that allocate frequencies.

  9. IUCAF activities • Participate in meetings: • - ITU-R (as Sector Member – can send input, not vote): • WP7D (Radio Astronomy) • TG1/8 (Ultra-Wide Band), TG1/9 (unwanted emissions) • World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs) • - Space Frequency Coordination Group (as observer) • Organise three-yearly: • Workshop on RFI Mitigation (Germany 2001; Canada 2004; England 2007) • Summer School on Spectrum Management (US 2002; Italy 2005; Korea 2008) • Presentations, Proceedings on www.iucaf.org

  10. IUCAF membership COSPAR J. Romney RA USA working on more….. IAUH. Chung RA Korea J. Cohen RA United Kingdom D. Emerson RA USA M. Ohishi RA Japan K. Tapping RA CanadaURSIU. Shankar RA India A. Tzioumis RA  Australia W. van Driel (Chair) RA France W. SwartzIOUSA S. Reising Pl USA at large W. Baan RA The Netherlands K. Ruf  RS  Germany 4 ex officio advisors (ITU) + Correspondents IO: ionospheric studies, Pl: Plasma physics, RA: radio astronomy, RS: remote sensing

  11. Towards ITU regulation of high (non-radio) frequencies? In the ITU-R Radio Regulations - all frequencies below 275 GHz ( >1.1 mm)are allocated, and protection criteria are defined; - the radio waves domain ends at3000 GHz ( 100 m)

  12. Towards ITU regulation of high frequencies Sub-mm FIR NIR optical WRC 2000  WRC 2010?  3 THz End of radio waves domain

  13. Towards ITU regulation of the 275-3000 GHz domain • No allocations in the Radio Regulations, but • Footnote 5.565 identifies the need for the use of 9 specific bands in the 275-1000 GHz ( 300 m - 1.1 mm) range for astronomical measurements • “Administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect these passive services from harmful interference” • Draft WRC-2010 agenda item on the allocation of freqencies in the 275-3000 GHz ( 100 m - 1.1 mm) range • - decision on adoption at WRC-2007, not likely to get accepted • (why allocations at frequencies where no active services will operate?)

  14. Satellite communication with IR lasers ( 0.8 – 15 m) Systems under study in Japan, USA Communication links: GSO – GSO, GSO – non-GSO, non-GSO – non-GSO, GSO – ground Possible interference of ground-based IR observations Possible interference by ground-based IR astronomical lasers…? OICETS, JAXA (Japan)

  15. Recommendation ITU-R S.1590 (2002) Technical and operational characteristics of satellites operating in the range 20-375 THz ( 0.8 – 15 m) considering f) that mechanisms of interference between satellites and passive systems such as astronomy operating above 20 THz may differ from those in the radio frequency part of the spectrum, recommends that sharing studies of satellites operating in the frequency range 20-375 THz take into account the technical and operational parameters presented in Annex 1.

  16. ITU’s first step: Resolution118 (Plenipotentiary Conference, 2002) “invites the Radiocommunication Assembly to include, in its programme of work, studies of the possibility and relevance of including in the Radio Regulations frequency bands above 3 000 GHz, instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau to report to world radiocommunication conferences on the progress of ITU‑R studies concerning the use of frequencies above 3 000 GHz, resolves that world radiocommunication conferences can include in agendas for future conferences, items relevant to spectrum regulation of frequencies above 3 000 GHz and take any appropriate measures, including revision of the relevant parts of the Radio Regulations, urges Member States to continue participating in the work taking place in ITU-R on the use of spectrum above 3 000 GHz.”

  17. ITU-R Question on regulation > 3000 GHz (  <100 m) Question ITU-R 228/1 (2003) “decides that the following Question should be studied 1What is the possibility and relevance of including in the RadioRegulations frequency bands above 3 000 GHz? further decides 1that the results of the above study should be included in (a) Report(s); 2that the above studies should be completed by 2007.” Was assigned to Working Party 1A (Spectrum engineering techniques) One input document (USA, 23/10/2003) has been received on this Question…

  18. ITU-R Question on regulation > 3000 GHz (  <100 m) From US input document on this Question: Assess potential for interference and interference mitigation Until such time that the interference environment justifies regulations, a voluntary recording procedure for systems operating above 3 000 GHz could be explored, for informational purposes only It may be relevant to provide this type of information to the users of spectrum above 3 000 GHz and thereby give them an insight as to with whom they are sharing the spectrum Studies will benefit from understanding the number and characteristics of the systems deployed Consequential changes to the Radio Regulations that include the development of terms, definitions, and nomenclature for systems operating above 3 000 GHz should also be explored in the Report.

  19. Recommendation ITU-R RA.1630 (2003) Technical and operational characteristics of ground-based astronomy systems for use in sharing studies with active services between 10 THz and 1 000 THz ( 0.3 – 3 m) • recommends • 1 that astronomers take into account the possibility of interference from transmitters operating between 10 THz and 1000 THz in their choices of observatory sites and in the design of instrumentation; • 2 that astronomers provide the appropriate ITU Study Groups with information on the latest technological advances to ground-based astronomical observations in the frequencies between 10 THz and 1000 THz; • that studies of interference into astronomy systems operating at frequencies between 10 THz and 1000 THz take into account the technical and operational parameters discussed in Annexes 1 and 2 [general information, guide star lasers; list of largest optical/IR telescopes].

  20. Plenipotentiary Conference PP-06, November 2006 (Arab and African States): Proposal It is proposed to amend No. 1005 in the Annex to the Convention, pursuant to Resolution 118 (Marrakesh, 2002): “Radiocommunication: Telecommunication by means of radio waves. This term shall include any use of electromagnetic waves of frequencies above 3 000 GHz” Ho hum …..

  21. Keeping our Windows on the Universe Clean

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