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Reactor Q 13 in the USA

Reactor Q 13 in the USA. Will discuss Physics case for a “medium” sin 2 2 q 13 ≤ 0.01 reactor experiment. Status of “Midwest” q 13 project at Braidwood, Illinois. Will not discuss Highly advanced, but regrettably suspended Diablo Canyon project.

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Reactor Q 13 in the USA

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  1. Reactor Q13 in the USA • Will discuss • Physics case for a “medium” sin22q13≤0.01 reactor experiment. • Status of “Midwest” q13 project at Braidwood, Illinois. • Will not discuss • Highly advanced, but regrettably suspended Diablo Canyon project. • American involvement in Double-Chooz, Daya Bay, KASKA, and other international efforts beyond US borders. • US political situation, reactor or otherwise. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  2. Physics Case for sin22q13≤0.01 • Reactor-only: • Uniquely clean and precise measurement of q13. • Medium Braidwood style experiment exploits both rate and shape. • Reactor+T2K/Nona (M. Shaevitz) • Medium experiment resolves (45±Dq23)° degeneracy for q23. • Small D-Chooz type experiment may leave ambiguity. • But for T2K/Nona with n+n running: • Minimal impact on mass hierarchy from reactors. • Modest impact on CP violation from reactors. • Caveat: A D-Chooz null result would make this physics tough for everybody. Huber et al. hep-ph/0303232 Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  3. M. Shaevitz Study:  Reactors get q13! • sin22q13(true)=0 • sin22q13(true)=0.05 Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  4. Medium Braidwood-like reactor + n/n off-axis resolves ambiguity. • Result holds even without high precision q23. • D-Chooz may leave degenerate solutions, even with precise q23. q23 45 deg. reflection degeneracy 1.5% dsin22q23 Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  5. Precision MeV n Physics • Robust observable, first order flux cancellation. • Addresses “NuTeV anomaly” at NuTeV precision. • Interesting EW tests (ST plane) at Q2=0. • Challenging singles measurement, needs: • Depth to suppress m spallation. • Borexino-level radioactivity. • Use of low background energy window. • ≤ 1% systematics (calibrations). Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  6. Braidwood Experiment Details • People. • Location. • Layout. • Detectors. • R&D. • Schedule. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  7. Midwest Q13 Collaboration • ANL: M. Goodman, V. Guarino, D. Reyna • Chicago: E. Abouzaid, K. Anderson, E. Blucher, J. Pilcher, M. Worcester • Columbia: J. Conrad, J. Link, M. Shaevitz • FNAL: L. Bartoszek, D. Finley, H. Jostlein, C. Laughton, R. Stefanski • Kansas State: T. Bolton, J. Foster, G. Horton-Smith, D. Onoprienko, N. Stanton • Michigan: B. Roe • Oxford: S. Biller, N. Jelley • Pittsburgh: D. Naples, V. Paolone • Texas: J. Klein Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  8. Location • <50 km from two US national labs: Fermilab + Argonne National Lab. • ANL has ~50 years of reactor expertise. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  9. Reactor Complex • But: • Cost risk associated with “green field” site. • Reactor managment presently encouraging, but tough decisions lie ahead. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  10. Basic Scheme • One near detector at ~270m; at least two far detectors at ~1700m. • Near and far detectors at 450 mwe depth (if bore hole samples confirm). • Identical 6.5m diameter 3-zone (a la D-Chooz) spheres. • Gd-loaded LS fiducial in 25-50 ton range, depending on buffer optimization. • LS g-catcher + non-scintillating buffer. • Passive and active external shielding. • Detectors fully constructed at surface sites. • Detectors lowered down shafts (a la KASKA). • Detectors movable via surface transport for cross calibration. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  11. Layout Schematic Note: reactor management has agreed to shorten near access tunnel length from 300m to 50m ($$$!). Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  12. Aerial View Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  13. Mechanical Conceptual Design • Lifting points allow full assembly at surface. • Permits far detectors to move to near site for cross calibration. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  14. “Hoist and Roll” Scheme Left: 750 ton test lift by crawler crane. Right: 200 ton drilling equipment on gantry + self-propelled platform trailer. (ALE Lastra). • “Common” procedure in industry. • Considerably cheaper than tunneling. • Favorable terrain at Braidwood site using truck on gravel road or rails, depending on load stresses. • Clearly requires careful design/implementation studies (underway). Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  15. Hall Layout Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  16. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  17. Acrylic Sphere Support • Multiple <2.5 cm dia. Spacers. • Assumes simultaneous filling for neutral buoyancy. • Ongoing work at ANL, U. Chicago. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  18. Software • Parametric and full G4 hit-level simulations (D. Onoprienko). • Good agreement with Chooz measurements (after some pain). • Optimizing geometry (RFID vs. Rg-C vs. RBUF). Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  19. Cost/Schedule • Detailed estimate prepared for underground construction at Braidwood site prepared by independent consultants (Hilton and Associates, Inc.). • Included civil construction; outfitting with pumps; elevators, ventilation, etc.; and decommissioning costs at experiment end. • Permanent surface structures, detectors not yet included. • Detail level sufficient for re-scaling to optimized layouts. • First iteration: two 300 mwe shafts, different detector hall designs, 300m tunnel for near site access: • $35M cost, 39 month construction schedule. • Revised layout: considerably shortened near access tunnel, 450 mwe depth (160m rock+20m soil). • Cost in $25-35M range, <24 month construction schedule. • Detector cost (from MiniBoone scaling) ~ $8M/detector. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

  20. Summary • Compelling physics case for a sin22q13≤0.01 experiment. • Medium scale reactor best short-term choice. • Importantly extends Double-Chooz capabilities (provide ~3×better sin22q13sensitivity; with LBL, resolve q23 45 degree reflection degeneracy; open new field of precision MeV n physics.) • Braidwood site an attractive choice: • High power modern reactor complex with cooperative management. • Simple layout with deep near site and possibility of movable detectors. • Access to national lab infrastructure. • Current status: • Active lab + university-based R&D. • Bore hole study at Braidwood soon that follows up detailed costing studies. • Preparing R&D proposal this Fall towards full proposal in 2005. Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA

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