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“Optical Telescopes.”

“Optical Telescopes.”. Dyer Teacher Workshop June, 2009 C. R. O’Dell Vanderbilt University. Galilean Telescope. Galileo Sustermans. Inventor Rotated. Galileo Galilii’s Telescopes. Refracting Telescope. Hevelius Telescope. Telescopes-History. Chromatic Aberration. Achromatic Doublet.

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“Optical Telescopes.”

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  1. “Optical Telescopes.” Dyer Teacher Workshop June, 2009 C. R. O’Dell Vanderbilt University

  2. GalileanTelescope

  3. GalileoSustermans

  4. InventorRotated

  5. GalileoGalilii’sTelescopes

  6. Refracting Telescope

  7. HeveliusTelescope

  8. Telescopes-History

  9. ChromaticAberration

  10. AchromaticDoublet

  11. YerkesTelescope

  12. Telescopes-History

  13. NewtonianTelescopeSchematic

  14. Newton’s Reflector

  15. Herschel’s Biggest Telescope

  16. Lord Rosse

  17. Telescopes-History

  18. Ritchey24-inch

  19. Mt. Wilson60-inch

  20. 100-inch

  21. 200-inch

  22. Keck 10-m

  23. Canary IslandTelescope

  24. SALT

  25. LBT-Schematic

  26. Telescopes-History

  27. Mona Kea

  28. YerkesAerialView

  29. Reasons for going into Space • Earth’s Atmosphere Blurs Out our View even when it is perfectly clear. This means that our view of the heavens is like that from a small telescope. • Usually a bigger telescope produces a sharper image. The HST images are 20X better than what is allowed by our Atmosphere. • The atmosphere also limits the energies of the photons that we can see.

  30. 1923 • Hermann Oberth publishes “Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen” • In this small book he elucidates most of the modern reasons for putting telescopes in space. • The ability to exploit space for astronomy was and continues to be closely dependent upon transportation.

  31. Space Travel in 1930.

  32. The V2

  33. 1945“Army Surplus” V-2 Rockets come to the US.

  34. 1946 • The first “Think-Tank”, the RAND corporation commissions a study of potential uses of rockets. • Lyman Spitzer, then a 32 year old professor at Yale performs this study. • In this study he proposes building space observatories, leading up to something very similar to today’s HST. • Soon after its creation in 1958 NASA established building the HST as a long-term goal.

  35. 1971-72 NASA begins to consider the HST. • One of the first things NASA did was to establish if the project was feasible (a Phase-A Study). • In parallel with studies by multiple contractors a group of scientists was convened at NASA HQ by Nancy G. Roman to provide feedback. • At the end of this study I was nominated by Lyman Spitzer to become the Project Scientist (September 1972).

  36. Resolutionversus Time

  37. Originally the design was for a 3-m aperture.

  38. 1972-3mCrossSection

  39. 1972-3mConfiguration

  40. We had $$ problems from the beginning. • The original $300M price-tag was a dictated price. • Different configurations were considered. • Different sizes (1.8-m, 2.4-m, 3.0-m) were considered. • The 2.4-m configuration was chosen in June, 1975. • ESA became a 15% partner in late 1976.

  41. A Skeleton Sketch.

  42. HST CutawayCropped

  43. This was the first spacecraft to be designed for maintenance.

  44. NBSAxial SI Replacement

  45. Primary Mirror.

  46. Primary MirrorAfter Aluminizing

  47. The telescope structure.

  48. Focal Plane Assembly.

  49. WF/PC Prelaunch

  50. Transporting the Telescope to California.

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