Categories of matter : Elements, mixtures, compounds

2. Categories of matter : Elements, mixtures, compounds Element-- substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by a chemical change. About 116 elements have been discovered or synthesized. Each element has a chemical symbol of 1 or 2 letters • The first letter is capitalized, if there is a second, it is lower case. • The symbols are often organized and displayed on a periodic table

3. Elements vs. Compounds vs Mixtures Elements and compounds are pure substances Compounds- Mixtures- formed of two or more elements chemically bonded in a fixed proportion a combination of 2 or more substances, not chemically bonded, and not necessarily in fixed proportions

4. Mixtures Can Be… Heterogeneous-- the various components are visible Examples-- granite, m & m cookies, Italian dressing Homogeneous-- may look like a pure substance because the separate parts are not easily distinguished Examples- air, sea water, other solutions

5. Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous (unless you count the bubbles then heterogeneous) Heterogeneous Homogenous Delicious 1. Salt water 2. Diet Pepsi 3. Cherry pie 4. Ice Cream 5. Ice cream w/ Sprinkles w/ fresh strawberries and a nice chocolate drizzle with a small amount of whipped cream and a cherry.

6. Separation Heterogeneous mixtures separated by Physical methods Filtration Separation Centrifuge

7. Separation Homogeneous mixtures separated by Chemical methods Distillation Centrifuge

9. Properties and Changes Physical properties- Melting/freezing point, boiling point, color, solubility Physical change- a change in physical form, but still remains the same substance.

10. Properties and Changes Chemical properties- combustion temperature, reactivity, acidity Chemical change- A change in the substance that alters the chemical make up

11. What’s the Change? Chemical Physical Physical Chemical Chemical 1. Defrosting chicken 2. Crack open an egg 3. Freeze my popsicles 4. Burn some wood 5. Grilling a nice T-bone steak topped with sautéed onions and mushrooms with a giant baked potatoe

12. States of Matter We all know the main 3 or 4 But there are many more with interesting properties….

13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFOv6_L5C-k • 3 Non-classical states • 3.1 Glass • 3.2 Crystals with some degree of disorder • 3.3 Liquid crystal states • 3.4 Magnetically ordered • 3.5 Microphase-separated • 4 Low-temperature states • 4.1 Superfluid • 4.2 Bose–Einstein condensate • 4.3 Fermionic condensate • 4.4 Rydberg molecule • 4.5 Quantum Hall state • 4.6 Strange matter • 5 High-energy states • 5.1 Quark-gluon plasma • 5.2 Color-glass condensate • 6 Very high energy states • 7 Other proposed states • 7.1 Degenerate matter • 7.2 Supersolid • 7.3 String-net liquid • 7.4 Superglass • 7.5 Dark matter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Z6UJbwxBZI