Using ABA to Teach Children with Autism CARD Austin January 16, 2005

1. Using ABA to Teach Children with AutismCARD Austin January 16, 2005 Introduce yourself before you begin!! Points to include: Your name How long you’ve worked in the field / for CARD Your job title and a brief description of what that means Your educational background About the HandoutsIntroduce yourself before you begin!! Points to include: Your name How long you’ve worked in the field / for CARD Your job title and a brief description of what that means Your educational background About the Handouts

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5. What is Autism? Deficits Language Play Skills Social Skills Perspective Taking / Theory of Mind Executive Function Motor Skills & Self Help School Skills Excesses Stereotypy / Self-Stimulatory Behavior Non-compliance Tantrums Aggression Self-Injury

8. Core Principle The consequences that follow a behavior influence whether that behavior will increase or decrease Why do we go to work? Why do we stop at red lights? Why do we use oven mits? Why do our children do what we ask them to do? Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

9. Core Principle Continued The Law of Effect: Behavior that is rewarded will be strengthened Behavior is Lawful, Observable, Measurable We can change behavior by manipulating its antecedents and consequences ABC Model (Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence) Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

14. TELL-SHOW-DO Demands: first prompt given for a particular task Prompts: all additional statements, gestures, or physical guidance displayed by the caregiver during demands 3-Step Compliance

15. State your child’s name. Tell your child what to do. Never ask. State the request clearly so that your child knows exactly what he/she is supposed to do; keep requests as brief and as specific as possible. Wait 5 to 10 seconds for your child to carry out the request. Do not repeat the request. If your child complies provide them with praise. State exactly what they did that you liked. If your child does not comply, repeat the request with a demonstration. Wait 5 to 10 seconds for your child to carry out the request. Do not repeat the request. If your child complies, provide a small amount of praise. If your child does not comply, physically guide them but do not provide praise. Always use the minimum amount of physical contact necessary for the request to be completed. Never “give in” or complete the request yourself. Once you give your child a request, they must follow through. 3-Step Compliance

16. Back to our A-B-C’s How does 3-step fit the A B C model? What is the A? What is the B? What is the C? Why will it work? What are some potential problems with it? 3-Step Compliance

17. Back to our Core Principle Behavior is Lawful, Observable, Measurable We can change behavior by controlling its antecedents and consequences Easier said than done, what about complex behaviors that require a number of steps (and as such a number of antecedents and consequences)? Task Analysis

18. What is a Task Analysis Task Analysis: Break down a complex behavior into a sequence of identifiable single components We need to use chaining Task Analysis

19. Task Analysis Example:Teaching Self-Help Skills Chaining must be used to teach self-help skills Why do we use chaining? To combine simple behaviors or responses into a more complex sequence For example: Getting dressed Washing hands Brushing teeth Taking a bath

21. Question? What is the most important pre-requisite skill for teaching self-help skills? Answer: COMPLIANCE What have we learned about increasing compliance? Answer: 3-STEP! So we are ready to learn about TA’s

22. Chaining: Step 1Perform a Task Analysis A Shirt flat on bed Shirt in hands Scrunched shirt in hands Shirt on over head Head & arms in shirt B Pick up shirt Scrunch shirt Put head through collar Put arms in sleeves Pull shirt down

23. Chaining: Step 1Perform a Task Analysis A Dirty hands Faucet on Wet hands Soap on hands Foamy hands Clean wet hands Water off B Turns on faucet Wets hands Gets soap Rubs hands together Rinse hands Turn off water Dry hands on towel

24. Chaining: Step 2Build the chain Once a task analysis is performed and the required steps of the sequence are identified, the chain can be taught The chain can be constructed of behaviors already in the child’s repertoire New behaviors can also be taught within the process of the chain

25. Task Analyses: Methods of Chaining Forward Chaining In a sequence of A’s and B’s the 1st B is taught, then the 2nd , then the two are performed independently in order Then the 3rd B is taught & performed in sequence with the previous 2 B’s The behaviors in the chain continue to be taught sequentially until they are performed independently

26. Chaining: Step 1Perform a Task Analysis A Dirty hands Faucet on Wet hands Soap on hands Foamy hands Clean wet hands Water off B Turns on faucet Wets hands Gets soap Rubs hands together Rinse hands Turn off water Dry hands on towel

27. Forward Chaining Use 3-STEP to teach Thomas to 1.) Turn on the faucet 2.) Wet his hands Guide all the succeeding B’s in the chain When Thomas can perform the first 2 B’s independently in order, begin to teach 3rd B & so on…

28. Forward Chaining A Dirty hands B Turns on faucet

29. Forward Chaining A Dirty hands Faucet on B Turns on faucet Wets hands

30. Forward Chaining A Dirty hands Faucet on Wet hands B Turns on faucet Wets hands Gets soap

31. Forward Chaining A Dirty hands Faucet on Wet hands Soap on hands B Turns on faucet Wets hands Gets soap Rubs hands together

32. Forward Chaining A Dirty hands Faucet on Wet hands Soap on hands Foamy hands B Turns on faucet Wets hands Gets soap Rubs hands together Rinse hands

33. Forward Chaining A Dirty hands Faucet on Wet hands Soap on hands Foamy hands Clean wet hands B Turns on faucet Wets hands Gets soap Rubs hands together Rinse hands Turn off water

34. Forward Chaining A Dirty hands Faucet on Wet hands Soap on hands Foamy hands Clean wet hands Water off B Turns on faucet Wets hands Gets soap Rubs hands together Rinse hands Turn off water Dry hands on towel

35. Conclusion Remember the CORE PRINCIPLE Think about the A B C’s Reinforce the good stuff and do not reinforce the bad stuff Use 3-STEP as a tool Break down complex activities into steps (do a Task Analysis!) BE CONSISTENT HAVE FUN!!!!!!!!! Questions???