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Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 23

Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 23. Lesson 23 Vocabulary Third Conjugation Verbs, Passive Voice Objective Genitive. Lesson 23 Vocabulary. antīquus , antīqua , antīquum. former, ancient, old-fashioned, old*.

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Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 23

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  1. Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 23 Lesson 23 Vocabulary Third Conjugation Verbs, Passive Voice Objective Genitive

  2. Lesson 23 Vocabulary

  3. antīquus, antīqua, antīquum former, ancient, old-fashioned, old* N.B.: antīquus rarely means “old.” Virīantīquīmeans “men of old,” not “old men.”

  4. clārus, clāra, clārum clear, bright; famous

  5. fīnitimus, fīnitima, fīnitimum neighboring

  6. paucī, paucae, pauca few, a few N.B.: “few” by nature is plural, so this adj. only exists in the plural.

  7. reliquus, reliqua, reliquum remaining, the rest of N.B.: the genitive case is NOT used with reliquus. The “of” in “the rest of” is part of the meaning of the adj.

  8. cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessus to move; yield, give way

  9. discēdō, discēdere, discessī, discessus to go away, depart, leave [< dis– (apart, in different directions) + cedō, cēdere, cessī, cessus]

  10. excēdō, excēdere, excessī, excessus to go out, leave [< ē/ex + cedō, cēdere, cessī, cessus]

  11. cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtus to decide, determine; set up

  12. contendō, contendere, contendī, contentus to strive, struggle; hasten

  13. dēligō, dēligere, dēlēgī, dēlēctus to choose

  14. redūcō, redūcere, redūxī, redūctus to lead back [< re– (back, again) + dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus]

  15. Third Conjugation Verbs: Passive Voice

  16. Third Conjugation Verbs – Passive Voice • the passive voice of the present system of the 3rd conj. is formed exactly like the active voice forms, but with the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) • Present: pres. stem (1st PP drop –ō) + i/u + passive endings • exception: 2nd SG in the present adds –e– to the stem, NOT –i– • Imperfect: pres. stem + ēbā + passive endings • Future: pres. stem + a/e + passive endings

  17. 3rd Conjugation– Present Passive Forming: • add –e– to the stem in the 2nd SG • add –i– to the stem in the 3rd SG, 1st PL, & 2nd PL • add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL • add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  18. 3rd Conjugation– Present Passive Forming: • add –e– to the stem in the 2nd SG • add –i– to the stem in the 3rd SG, 1st PL, & 2nd PL • add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL • add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  19. 3rd Conjugation– Present Passive Forming: • add –e– to the stem in the 2nd SG • add –i– to the stem in the 3rd SG, 1st PL, & 2nd PL • add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL • add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  20. 3rd Conjugation– Present Passive Forming: • add –e– to the stem in the 2nd SG • add –i– to the stem in the 3rd SG, 1st PL, & 2nd PL • add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL • add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  21. 3rd Conjugation– Present Passive Forming: • add –e– to the stem in the 2nd SG • add –i– to the stem in the 3rd SG, 1st PL, & 2nd PL • add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL • add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  22. 3rd Conjugation– Present Passive Forming: • add –e– to the stem in the 2nd SG • add –i– to the stem in the 3rd SG, 1st PL, & 2nd PL • add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL • add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  23. 3rd Conjugation– Present Passive Forming: • add –e– to the stem in the 2nd SG • add –i– to the stem in the 3rd SG, 1st PL, & 2nd PL • add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL • add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  24. 3rd Conjugation– Present Passive Forming: • add –e– to the stem in the 2nd SG • add –i– to the stem in the 3rd SG, 1st PL, & 2nd PL • add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL • add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  25. 3rd Conjugation– Present Passive Forming: • add –e– to the stem in the 2nd SG • add –i– to the stem in the 3rd SG, 1st PL, & 2nd PL • add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL • add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  26. 3rd Conjugation– Imperfect Passive Forming: • add –ēba– to the stem • add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  27. 3rd Conjugation– Imperfect Passive Forming: • add –ēba– to the stem • add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  28. 3rd Conjugation– Future Passive Forming: • add –a– to the stem in the 1st SG • add –ē– to the stem in the other forms (–e– in 3rd SG & PL) • add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  29. 3rd Conjugation– Future Passive Forming: • add –a– to the stem in the 1st SG • add –ē– to the stem in the other forms (–e– in 3rd PL) • add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead *the long –ē– is the only difference between fut. & pres. passive for 3rd conj., you need to know this long mark

  30. 3rd Conjugation Verbs Present Passive Imperative to form the present passive imperative… • SG: add –ere– to the 3rd conj. pres. stem • PL: add –iminī– to the 3rd conj. pres. stem e.g.: regō, regere – regere! (sg) regiminī! (pl) N.B.: SG impv. is still the same as the 2nd PP and PL impv. is still the same as 2nd PL pres. pass. indic.

  31. Third Conjugation Verbs – Passive Voice • the passive of the perfect system of the 3rd conj. is formed exactly like the perfect system passive of conj. 1-2 (PPP + form of sum, esse) • Perfect: PPP + sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt • Pluperfect: PPP + eram, erās, erat, erāmus, erātis, erant • Future Perfect: PPP + erō, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt

  32. 3rd Conjugation– Perfect Passive Forming: • take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective) • add the present tense of sum, esse dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  33. 3rd Conjugation– Perfect Passive Forming: • take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective) • add the present tense of sum, esse dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  34. 3rd Conjugation– Pluperfect Passive Forming: • take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective) • add the imperfect tense of sum, esse dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  35. 3rd Conjugation– Pluperfect Passive Forming: • take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective) • add the imperfect tense of sum, esse dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  36. 3rd Conjugation– Future Perfect Passive Forming: • take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective) • add the future tense of sum, esse dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  37. 3rd Conjugation– Future Perfect Passive Forming: • take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective) • add the future tense of sum, esse dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, dūctus: to lead

  38. Objective Genitive

  39. Objective Genitive • one of the most common uses of the gen. (if not the most common) • the objective genitive is used like the object of a noun or adjective containing some idea of action • the obj. gen. can often be translated with “for,” instead of “of” • common with words that express emotions • how to determine if you have an objective genitive: • find the word the gen. goes with; does it have a verb-y idea? • if yes, change the verb-y noun into its verb – does the gen. sound like the object? • if yes, it is objective genitive • if no, it is not

  40. Objective Genitive E.G. • dux cōpiārum(i.e. ducitcōpiās) • the leader of the troops • cūraagrōrum (i.e. cūratagrōs) • care for the fields • amorpopulī (i.e. amatpopulum) • love of/for the people • magister linguaeLatinae(i.e. docet linguam Latīnam) • teacher of the Latin language

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