Sponge 5

1. Sponge 5 • Sensory neurons: detect stimuli and transmit signals to the brain and the spinal cord • Interneurons: receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within the brain and spinal cord • Motor neurons: pass messages from the nervous system to the other tissues in the body, such as muscles Please use your personal experiences, or others’ experiences to give examples of each. Ex: Sensory neurons: When I touch boiling water my sense of touch will transmit a signal to my brain. My interneurons receive the signal and process that the water is hot. My motor neurons allow me to move my hand away from the water.

2. 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous System 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 43 • Topic: 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous System • Essential Question(s): 1. On pg. 42 fill out the tree map with descriptions (function/examples) of each part of the nervous system

3. KEY CONCEPT The central nervous system interprets information, and the peripheral nervous system gathers and transmits information.

4. The Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Central Nervous System (CNS) Function Function Somatic N.S. Brain Autonomic N.S. Spinal Cord Function Example Function Example Reflexes Cerebellum Function Brainstem Function Cerebrum Examples Examples Function Function Parasympathetic N.S. Sympathetic N.S. Examples Pons Function Function Examples Medulla Oblongata Midbrain Examples Function Function Function Examples

5. The nervous system’s two parts work together. • The Central Nervous System (CNS) includes the brain, and spinal cord. Processes information. • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes four systems of nerves and links the CNS to muscles and organs.

6. If you have a question, you will raise your hand to ask it. How do your CNS and PNS work together to allow you to raise your hand? Your CNS passes a signal to a motor neuron in your PNS causing you to raise your hand.

7. midbrain Brainstem pons medulla oblongata The CNS: • The brain has three parts. 1. cerebrum controls thought, movement, emotion 2. cerebellum allows for balance so body can move smoothly • 3. brain stem controls basic life functions (breathing, heart beat)

8. midbrain pons medulla oblongata • midbrain controls some reflexes • pons regulates breathing • medulla oblongata connects the brain and spinal cord and controls heart function, swallowing, coughing, vomiting • The brain stem has three parts.

9. The Peripheral Nervous System: Collection of nerves that links the CNS to muscles and other organs (Sensory neurons/motor neurons) The somatic nervous system regulates voluntary movements Ex: Walking The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions Ex: Digestion • sympathetic nervoussystem: action and stress (Fight or Flight) • parasympathetic nervous system: calms the body, conserves energy *Maintain homeostasis

11. 1. Sensory receptors in PNS generate an impulse • The CNS and PNS pass signals between one another. • PNS passes impulse to CNS • 2.CNS interprets impulse • CNS passes impulse to PNS. • 3. PNS stimulates a response

12. Reflex arc- A simple pathway, including only a few neurons, that carry out the simplest responses…reflexes. • Reflexes – automatic, subconscious responses to external or internal stimuli • Maintain homeostasis by controlling: heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, digestion, swallowing, sneezing, coughing, and vomiting

13. interneuron motor neurons sensory neuron • sensory neuron sends impulse to spinal cord • spinal cord directs impulse to motor neuron • does not involve the brain!!!! • The spinal cord controls reflexes.

14. Label the parts of this reflex arc: 1 5 3 Spinal Cord 4 2 Key: Effector Motor Neuron Receptor Interneuron Sensory Neuron

15. 1 Receptor 5 Effector 3 Interneuron Spinal cord 4 motor neuron 2 Sensory neuron

16. ReceptorSensory neuronInterneuron Motor neuronEffector