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Yanbo Huang and Steven J. Thomson USDA-ARS Application and Production Technology

In-Swath Spray Deposition Characteristics of a Low Drift Nozzle for Low Volume Aerial Application – Preliminary Results. Yanbo Huang and Steven J. Thomson USDA-ARS Application and Production Technology Stoneville, Mississippi. Research Motivation.

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Yanbo Huang and Steven J. Thomson USDA-ARS Application and Production Technology

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  1. In-Swath Spray Deposition Characteristics of a Low Drift Nozzle for Low Volume Aerial Application – Preliminary Results Yanbo Huang and Steven J. Thomson USDA-ARS Application and Production Technology Stoneville, Mississippi

  2. Research Motivation • Application droplet size and spectrum significantly affects performance of aerial applications • To determine a target aerial spray droplet size • Select spray nozzle • Study operational variables • Application rate • Application height • Nozzle angle and deflection relative to airstream • Airplane speed • Spray pressure

  3. Research Objectives To focus on a low-drift CP-11TT flat fan nozzle • To evaluate the effects of application rate and nozzle angle relative to the airstream of CP flat-fan nozzles on droplet spectra and coverage from fixed wing aerial applications • To compare the measured CP data with output data from the USDA Droplet Spectrum Models

  4. Nozzles • Thirty-one (31) CP-11TT flat-fan nozzles were mounted • Three (3) tip sizes of 4006, 4012 and 4020 configured to deliver application rates of 1, 2 and 3 GPA, respectively • CP-06 swivels used with the CP-11TTs to adjust the nozzle angles at 15, 30 and 45 degrees

  5. Spray System • Air Tractor 402B agricultural airplane • Satloc Airstar M3 guidance system to record global positioning, airplane heading, and real- time clock data

  6. LaserTech Universal Laser Sensor (ULS) mounted on the aircraft to measure actual heights of spray release Both Kestrel 4500 weather tracker and MET station near test site to record wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, and relative humidity every two seconds

  7. Test Site Layout

  8. Complete Treatments of the CP-11TT Nozzle Testing Total of 187 Water Sensitive Paper (WSP) cards collected (3 application rates x 3 nozzle angles x 3 reps x 7 stations)

  9. Data Processing and Analysis • WSP card scan • Generation of Dv0.1, Dv0.5 or VMD, Dv0.9 and relative span [(Dv0.9-Dv0.1)/VMD] of each sprayed card • To study the effects of application operational parameters and weather conditions on droplet spectrum and spray coverage from the CP nozzles, trends were observed both graphically and by statistical analysis using a mixed effects model for SAS 9.13 • CP nozzle data were organized to compare with the output of the USDA Droplet Spectrum Models

  10. Application Variables and Weather Data of CP Nozzle Test on June 16, 2008

  11. Flow Rate Deliveries of CP Nozzle Testing

  12. In-Swath % Area Coverage Pattern of CP Nozzle Testing

  13. Statistical Analysis • June 16, 2008 data • Did not indicate effect of wind direction on either median droplet size or spray coverage on cards • Only significant effect on total spray deposition (all cards, p<0.0001) was sampler position • High variability of VMD at 15 degree spray angle but not 30 and 45 degrees • June 18, 2008 data • A complete test • Statistical analysis mirrored the results from June 16 quite closely • High variability of VMD also at 15 degree spray angle

  14. Model Comparison with CP Data from Testing on June 16, 2008 VMD

  15. Model Comparison with CP Data from Testing on June 18, 2008 at varied nozzle angles Dv0.9 Dv0.1

  16. Model Comparison with CP Data from Testing on June 18, 2008 at varied application rates Significantly higher measured Dv0.1, VMD and Dv0.9

  17. Summary • Good fit with droplet size parameters as indicated by the models • VMDs appeared to be the best fit of all parameters across flowrates • Dv0.1s fit better at the higher flow rates (3 GPA) • Dv0.9s fit better at the 2 GPA flow rate • Relative spans performed similarly as the Dv0.9 at different flow rates • VMDs fit best at 15 and 30 degrees • Dv0.1s fit well at three angles • Dv0.9s varied the most as compared with the models

  18. Conclusion • CP flat-fan nozzles performed well in the field • Droplet size ranges quite narrow. (Relative Spans were lower than many results generated by the model) • Great potential for drift reduction in practice

  19. Next • Statistical analysis continuing to better quantify modeled vs. measured deviations and to further quantify nozzle angle, flowrate, and weather effects on droplet size parameters and spray deposition • Study the effect of actual spray release height • For comparison with the CP, set up Accu-Flo nozzles to match the CP configuration (halve the number on the booms) and to allow stable operating pressure for reliable operation

  20. Thanks!

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