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The last section of revision

The last section of revision. The Antarctic. Summary of maps. So Qu 1 is the map question – 15 marks – All of Europe, in particular the EU countries – there are 25 of them, you will get 7 – of which 3 are likely to be sneaky! (the list of the countries are on the classwork sheet)

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The last section of revision

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  1. The last section of revision The Antarctic

  2. Summary of maps • So Qu 1 is the map question – 15 marks – • All of Europe, in particular the EU countries – there are 25 of them, you will get 7 – of which 3 are likely to be sneaky! • (the list of the countries are on the classwork sheet) • In addition the following other countries:

  3. Abbreviations • Est – Estonia • Lat – Latvia • Lith - Lithuania • Belg – Belgium • Neth – Netherlands • Slov – Slovakia • Aust – Austria • Hung – Hungary • Bul – Bulgaria • Port – Portugal • Slo - Slovenia

  4. The rest of the list • Africa: Kenya, Egypt, South Africa, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia • South/Central America: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Columbia • Asia/ Australasia (or Oceania): Australia, New Zealand, China, India, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Bangladesh and the Tiger economies – see over • You will get 8 of these – no sneaky ones just these!!

  5. The Tiger economies

  6. These are where the countries are!!

  7. The other 3 questions • I gave a hint about GCSE type questions – how they are ‘levelled’. • Level 1 ( 1 or 2 marks) – basic not explained • Level 2 (3 or 4 marks) – with a bit of explanation • Level 3 (5 or 6) really well explained • So the general layout will be factual questions for qu2 - qu4 - for 12 marks • And 2 levelled qus from one the sections only

  8. Example – rocks and glaciation • Factual: What are the labels on the diagram of the earth section • Complete this table using these words to fill in about types of rock and how they are formed. • Label 3 items on the diagram of a glaciated upland • Levelled question: as part of the process of forming sediments, rock is often weathered. Name all types of weathering and explain how 2 of them occur. • Explain and give examples of how one agent of change alters the landscape by erosion, transportation and deposition.

  9. Example – working world • Factual: Complete this table using these words to fill in about the different kinds of economic activity. • What are 2 factors that would influence the siting a of factory producing ….. • In the UK, the number of people involved in secondary industry has halved between 1900 and 2000 – give 2 reasons for this. • Levelled question: What caused South Korea to be able to develop so fast? [or explains the poor (or adverse) consequences …. ]

  10. Revising Antarctica

  11. The Treaty from 1961 • Key ideas – any country can carry out scientific research • All testing of nuclear weapons and the dumping of radioactive waste is forbidden in Antarctica • No military activities are allowed in Antarctica – the continent must be used for peaceful purposes only • Claims to slices of Antarctica by individual countries are set aside so long as the Treaty exists

  12. The Treaty from 1961 • In addition, there have been additions that protect the flora and fauna of Antarctica • In particular the Antarctic seals - both Ross and Antarctic fur seals are fully protected – the killing of other seals is tightly controlled – no hunting for skins of any type. • Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1982) controls the amount of fishing that is allowed in Antarctic waters by giving licences to fish up to a certain agreed limit (a quota).

  13. Many countries have bases in Antarctica • As we know the only real justification is for scientific research • What kind of things to you think they research? • Besides researchers what other jobs are people needed for in Antarctica? • If you were on a base, can you think of the problems that might arise, especially if you stay over the winter?

  14. The Natural Greenhouse Effect at work • The Earth is covered by a blanket of gas. • The energy from the Sun reaches the Earth’s surface, where some it is converted to heat energy. • Most of the heat( blue arrows) is re-radiated towards space, but some is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. • This natural effect allows the Earth’s temperature to be kept at a level necessary to support life.

  15. The Natural Greenhouse Effect at work • The main Greenhouse Gas is Carbon Dioxide. • Until the last 200 years, the amount of CO2 has remained stable. • This is why Key Idea The natural greenhouse effect helps the Earth stay warm/get hotter. The carbon dioxide/oxygen in the air traps enough of the Sun’s heat to do this. The CO2 stays the same because animals breath it in/out and plants take it in/out

  16. But then there is the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect • Look how this is different! • Much more of the heat from the sun gets trapped in the atmosphere • So the Earth gets hotter

  17. Why is more heat getting trapped? • We are taking the stored carbon from the ground (oil and coal and gas) and burning it • This releases the CO2 and so the main greenhouse gas is increasing

  18. colder Hotter Some places will be Windier wetter drier So these are the things that can happen if we increase the amount of greenhouses gases Key Idea The enhanced greenhouse effect helps the Earth stay warm/get hotter. The CO2 stays the same/increases because we are burning fossil fuels

  19. Why is the Antarctic so cold? The albedo of snow is about 90% The angle of the sun in the sky Then air is clean So why do all these make it colder then?

  20. What is the ozone layer? Ozone is 3 atoms of oxygen joined together The ozone layer is a layer high above the earth containing ozone The ozone layer protects the earth from UV light from the Sun getting through - UV damages living tissue So where do CFCs fit in? What is so bad about UV light? Will it ever get better? Why are CFCs so important?

  21. What are the issues of human impact on Antarctica? • There are a lot of natural resources but so far no-one has shown interest in mining etc as it just too difficult. • There is commercial fishing and there are pirates who are not obeying the rules • Flotsam is an issue as it is hurting the wildlife • But waste/rubbish/oil are all tightly controlled • However tourism is a growing issue as more people want to visit. • So sticking with tourism – what are the concerns?

  22. Example – Antarctica • Factual: what is ozone? What chemical group destroy it? What damage does reduced ozone cause? Etc or similar questions about global warming – or about why Antarctica is so cold • Levelled question: • Explain the main points of the Antarctic treaty of 1961 – or • Explain the concerns about Antarctic tourism and suggest ways they could taken account of

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