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Political Islam/Islamist Movements

Political Islam/Islamist Movements. Monday November 1st, 2010. Political Islam (Islamism). What is Political Islam? Belief that Islam should play a role in spiritual as well as societal and political affairs. Assumptions to address about Political Islam. uniform

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Political Islam/Islamist Movements

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  1. Political Islam/Islamist Movements Monday November 1st, 2010

  2. Political Islam (Islamism) • What is Political Islam? • Belief that Islam should play a role in spiritual as well as societal and political affairs. • Assumptions to address about Political Islam. • uniform • “inherently violent” or “non-violent”; moderate? • “religion and politics is unique to Islam”

  3. Political Islam • Origin of Islam out of history: pristine state. • Islam is “specific”: movements differ. • “Muslim” differs in different situations. • Began in 1800s, 1900s. Colonialism • Rose with authoritarian leaders’ failures. • Use of language of Islam for political purposes. • Also focus on morality; civil society.

  4. Political Islamism • Islamist politics not supported by most Muslims. • Being Islamist is not just to be a Muslim (1137). • Compare their societies to Western culture. • Woltering, Langohr: Support less for ideology; more for social services.

  5. Islamist Movements • Islamist groups of violence • Al Qaeda (Wahhabi Islam) (Blanchard) • Afghanistan • Sayyid Qutb (Islamic State). • Alliance between Saud family and Wahhabism • Wahhabism: Control of religious affairs • Saudi Gov’t: Control of political, economic issues.

  6. Hamas • Hamas: Branch of Muslim Brotherhood • Action through violence and elections. • Use of terrorism • Arose against Israel in occupied territories • Failure of other Palestinian leadership.

  7. Islamist Organizations • Non-violent Islamist organizations • Within the structure of government. • Muslim Brotherhood • Turkey: Justice and Development (AKP) (shifted policy to not call out seculars).

  8. Norton: Hezbollah • Formed in 1982 during Israeli Invasion in Lebanon • Former Amal fighters moved to Hezbollah. • Hezbollah: contrasted Amal, supported PLO.

  9. Norton: Hezbollah • Social Services were set up extensively. • Hezbollah grew due to Israeli presence. • Israeli withdrew in 2000 • Shebaa farms: Hezbollah claim from Syria • Role of Iran • Fighting with Israel

  10. Lebanon: Hezbollah • Electoral System: • Taif Agreement • 128 Parliamentary seats: split based on “confessional lines.” Voters in district vote for all open seats. • 1992 elections: debate on participation. • 10% of seats: Represented much of Shia region • Message on social issues, not Islam.

  11. Lebanon: Hezbollah • Syrian “ceiling” on Hezbollah candidates. • Re-drawing electoral districts for its favor. • Would extend Presidential term limits • Due to protests by Hariri, UN Sec. Council Resolution 1559 called groups (Hezbollah) to rid of weapons, and for Syria to leave. • 2005: Hariri assassinated • “Cedar Revolution” • Syria left Lebanon

  12. Lebanon: Hezbollah • 2006 War: Hezbollah crossed into Israel; captured soldiers. • March 14, March 8 Political groups. • 2006: Called for unity government; veto (BBC). • 2008 takeover of West Beirut; Given veto power (CFR). • 2009 June Elections • March 14 Coalition: 71 seats • March 8 Coalition: 57 seats

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