Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders

1. Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders You’re going to pieces. Anxious? Ups and Downs What’s Abnormal? Confused? 400

2. 1. A person may have a strong fear of spiders, but it is not considered a disorder unless it is: • A) not based in reality. • B) the result of a traumatic experience. • C) a harmless spider. • D) dysfunctional.

3. 2. The DSM-IV has two main goals: • A) to describe disorders and list their prevalence. • B) to describe disorders and explain their causes. • C) to provide an understanding of the underlying causes and treatment of disorders. • D) to list disorders and reference their treatments.

4. 3. If a person is diagnosed with Mental Retardation, this would be listed on the DSM-IV: • A) on Axis I. • B) on Axis II. • C) on Axis III. • D) on Axis IV.

5. 4. The recent influence of Martin Seligman has resulted in a manual which differed from the DSM-IV, in that: • A) it is more scientific. • B) it has more recent norms. • C) its focus is on strengths. • D) it includes treatment plans.

6. James has the medical condition of hypertension. This would be found on the DSM-IV on: • A) Axis I. • B) Axis III. • C) Axis IV. • D) Nowhere, this is not a mental disorder.

7. 6. Helen suddenly has shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, chest pains and choking. She goes to the emergency room and is told she is not having a heart attack, she is experiencing: • A) generalized anxiety. • B) a phobia. • C) agoraphobia. • D) a panic attack.

8. 7. Social phobia is ____ taken to an extreme. • A) nervous behavior • B) shyness • C) introversion • D) avoidance

9. 8. Hand washing several times until the skin bleeds may be an example of a(n): • A) compulsion. • B) obsession. • C) phobia. • D) panic attack.

10. 9. It is suggested that it is the _______ that abused children experience that makes them more vulnerable to the effects of trauma when adults. • A) abusive trauma • B) mental anguish • C) learned helplessness • D) repressed anxiety

11. 10. Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain, by creating fear circuits within: • A) the left parietal lobe. • B) the prefrontal cortex. • C) the occipital lobes. • D) the amygdala.

12. 11. If Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a real case, he would most likely be currently diagnosed with: • A) multiple personality disorder. • B) paranoid schizophrenia. • C) dissociative identity disorder. • D) borderline personality disorder.

13. 12. Showing little or no remorse, the person with ____ personality disorder will frequently lie, cheat or steal without thinking of the consequences to him/herself or to others. • A) antisocial • B) sociopathic • C) criminal • D) delinquent

14. 13. Those with antisocial personality disorder show decreased functioning in the ___ of the brain. • A) corpus callosum • B) frontal lobes • C) amygdala • D) thalamus

15. 14. The person diagnosed with ____ experiences a heightened sensitivity to rejection, resulting in withdrawing from others. • A) antisocial personality disorder • B) multiple personality disorder • C) narcissistic personality disorder • D) avoidant personality disorder

16. 15. Julie says, “I was not myself for a moment. It felt like I was floating above my body. I never experienced anything like it.” You should tell Julie _____. • A) to lay off the booze for a while • B) she is a nut-case and should be locked up • C) she is suffering from a dissociative disorder • D) this is a common occurrence of dissociation and nothing to worry about

17. 16. Mood disorders are characterized by the emotional extremes of: • A) depression and anxiety. • B) hopelessness and despair. • C) mania and depression. • D) bipolar and unipolar.

18. 17. In any given year, a depressive episode plagues ___ of men and ___ of women across the world. • A) 5.8 %; 9.5% • B) 6.4%; 11.5% • C) 10.3%; 20.2% • D) 15.6%; 25.3%

19. 18. Jim asks, “What’s wrong with mania? If it is the opposite of depression, that sounds great.” You tell Jim a major problem is: • A) they just want more and more excitement. • B) grandiosity removes all limits on thoughts and behavior. • C) they ignore pain and just feel great. • D) they are too happy to deal with the real world.

20. 19. Those who have been through one episode of Major Depression: • A) are unlikely to have another occurrence in at least 5 years. • B) have a 50% chance of having another episode. • C) never get better without treatment. • D) usually commit suicide within the next year.

21. 20. Drugs such as Prozac often help with a depressed mood because it: • A) adds more serotonin. • B) increases serotonin and norepinephrine. • C) blocks the reuptake of serotonin. • D) decreases norepinephrine and increases serotonin.

22. 21. A false belief that is strongly held in spite of contradictory evidence is: • A) a leap of faith. • B) a hallucination. • C) disorganized thinking. • D) a delusion.

23. 22. The most common type of false perceptions in schizophrenia are: • A) delusions of grandeur. • B) visual hallucinations. • C) auditory hallucinations. • D) disorganized thinking.

24. 23. Lack of emotional expression shown in schizophrenia is called: • A) alogia. • B) avolition. • C) flat affect. • D) delusions.

25. 24: Which of the following would be an example of a negative symptom? • A) hallucinations • B) expressionless tone of voice • C) inappropriate laughter • D) delusional thinking

26. 25. Robert has an identical twin who was just diagnosed with schizophrenia. Robert has about a ____ % chance of developing schizophrenia. • A) 100 • B) 50 • C) 75 • D) 15

27. Answers Stop here, or continue as a review

28. 1. A person may have a strong fear of spiders, but it is not considered a disorder unless it is: • A) not based in reality. • B) the result of a traumatic experience. • C) a harmless spider. • D) dysfunctional. 642

29. 2. The DSM-IV has two main goals: • A) to describe disorders and list their prevalence. • B) to describe disorders and explain their causes. • C) to provide an understanding of the underlying causes and treatment of disorders. • D) to list disorders and reference their treatments. 644

30. 3. If a person is diagnosed with Mental Retardation, this would be listed on the DSM-IV: • A) on Axis I. • B) on Axis II. • C) on Axis III. • D) on Axis IV. 645

31. 4. The recent influence of Martin Seligman has resulted in a manual which differed from the DSM-IV, in that: • A) it is more scientific. • B) it has more recent norms. • C) its focus is on strengths. • D) it includes treatment plans. 646

32. James has the medical condition of hypertension. This would be found on the DSM-IV on: • A) Axis I. • B) Axis III. • C) Axis IV. • D) Nowhere, this is not a mental disorder. 645

33. 6. Helen suddenly has shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, chest pains and choking. She goes to the emergency room and is told she is not having a heart attack, she is experiencing: • A) generalized anxiety. • B) a phobia. • C) agoraphobia. • D) a panic attack. 650

34. 7. Social phobia is ____ taken to an extreme. • A) nervous behavior • B) shyness • C) introversion • D) avoidance 651

35. 8. Hand washing several times until the skin bleeds may be an example of a(n): • A) compulsion. • B) obsession. • C) phobia. • D) panic attack. 651

36. 9. It is suggested that it is the _______ that abused children experience that makes them more vulnerable to the effects of trauma when adults. • A) abusive trauma • B) mental anguish • C) learned helplessness • D) repressed anxiety 652

37. 10. Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain, by creating fear circuits within: • A) the left parietal lobe. • B) the prefrontal cortex. • C) the occipital lobes. • D) the amygdala. 655

38. 11. If Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a real case, he would most likely be currently diagnosed with: • A) multiple personality disorder. • B) paranoid schizophrenia. • C) dissociative identity disorder. • D) borderline personality disorder. 656

39. 12. Showing little or no remorse, the person with ____ personality disorder will frequently lie, cheat or steal without thinking of the consequences to him/herself or to others. • A) antisocial • B) sociopathic • C) criminal • D) delinquent 677

40. 13. Those with antisocial personality disorder show decreased functioning in the ___ of the brain. • A) corpus callosum • B) frontal lobes • C) amygdala • D) thalamus 678

41. 14. The person diagnosed with ____ experiences a heightened sensitivity to rejection, resulting in withdrawing from others. • A) antisocial personality disorder • B) multiple personality disorder • C) narcissistic personality disorder • D) avoidant personality disorder 677

42. 15. Julie says, “I was not myself for a moment. It felt like I was floating above my body. I never experienced anything like it.” You should tell Julie _____. • A) to lay off the booze for a while • B) she is a nut-case and should be locked up • C) she is suffering from a dissociative disorder • D) this is a common occurrence of dissociation and nothing to worry about 656

43. 16. Mood disorders are characterized by the emotional extremes of: • A) depression and anxiety. • B) hopelessness and despair. • C) mania and depression. • D) bipolar and unipolar. 658

44. 17. In any given year, a depressive episode plagues ___ of men and ___ of women across the world. • A) 5.8 %; 9.5% • B) 6.4%; 11.5% • C) 10.3%; 20.2% • D) 15.6%; 25.3% 661

45. 18. Jim asks, “What’s wrong with mania? If it is the opposite of depression, that sounds great.” You tell Jim a major problem is: • A) they just want more and more excitement. • B) grandiosity removes all limits on thoughts and behavior. • C) they ignore pain and just feel great. • D) they are too happy to deal with the real world. 660

46. 19. Those who have been through one episode of Major Depression: • A) are unlikely to have another occurrence in at least 5 years. • B) have a 50% chance of having another episode. • C) never get better without treatment. • D) usually commit suicide within the next year. 661

47. 20. Drugs such as Prozac often help with a depressed mood because it: • A) adds more serotonin. • B) increases serotonin and norepinephrine. • C) blocks the reuptake of serotonin. • D) decreases norepinephrine and increases serotonin. 664

48. 21. A false belief that is strongly held in spite of contradictory evidence is: • A) a leap of faith. • B) a hallucination. • C) disorganized thinking. • D) a delusion. 669

49. 22. The most common type of false perceptions in schizophrenia are: • A) delusions of grandeur. • B) visual hallucinations. • C) auditory hallucinations. • D) disorganized thinking. 670

50. 23. Lack of emotional expression shown in schizophrenia is called: • A) alogia. • B) avolition. • C) flat affect. • D) delusions. 670