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DiskCon September 2004

Solid State Disks: The Future of Storage?. DiskCon September 2004. Agenda. About Texas Memory Systems The problem with latency Solution: disk + memory Economics of solid state disks The future of solid state disks. About Texas Memory Systems: The basics. Basic Information. Products.

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DiskCon September 2004

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  1. Solid State Disks: The Future of Storage? DiskCon September 2004

  2. Agenda • About Texas Memory Systems • The problem with latency • Solution: disk + memory • Economics of solid state disks • The future of solid state disks

  3. About Texas Memory Systems: The basics Basic Information Products Founded in 1978 Private No venture capital or debt 50 employees Industry leader in Solid State Disks Services DSP SSD

  4. The Latency Problem: Moore’s Law Processor improvements follow Moore’s Law: Doubling Every 18 Months

  5. The Latency Problem: Gilder’s Law Aggregate bandwidth is following Gilder’s Law: Tripling Every Year

  6. The Latency Problem: Murphy’s Law Hard Disk access times are Increasing less than 10% every year

  7. Latency The Latency Problem: The Performance Gap “Money can buy bandwidth, but latency is forever” John R. Mashey, Chief Scientist SGI, “Big Data and the Next Wave of InfraStress”, USENIX, 1999

  8. Our Oracle app needs a boost We need speedy queries We need to speed up our database I need faster transaction log performance Looking for a very fast hard drive I am looking for a fast I/O solution My database is I/O bound! The Latency Problem: What customers say …

  9. Add memory to the server Add memory to the disk drive Add memory to the RAID Controller Use solid state disks Solution: Memory + Disk • Various ways memory is used to decrease the performance gap:

  10. Solutions:Cache the disk drive • Performance of disk drives is improving with cache. • Peak IOPS as high as 370 (random reads) • Performance increasing as cache increases. • Cache-to-disk ratios are extremely low ranging from 1/4000 to 1/9000. 2 a 2 I 3

  11. Solutions:Cache the Departmental RAID • Performance of departmental RAID systems increases with cache. • Departmental RAID units offer cache from 1GB to 2GB and result in peak performance as high as 2,500 random I/O’s per second. • Cache-to-disk ratios are low ranging from 1/300 to 1/2000. 2 a 2 I 3

  12. Solutions:Cache the Monolithic RAID • Performance of monolithic RAID systems increases with cache. • Monolithic RAID units offer cache from 16GB to 256GB and result in peak random IOPS as high as 200,000 random I/O’s per second (from cache). • Cache-to-disk ratios can vary from good (1/16) to bad (1/79). 2 a 2 I 3

  13. Solutions:Flexible External RAID Cache • Performance and flexibility increase with the use of external RAID cache. • External RAID cache can support from 1 LUN to many RAID units. Performance as high as 250,000 random IOPS (from cache). • Cache-to-disk ratios vary from good to bad. Cache to disk ratio can scale to meet application performance requirements.

  14. Solutions:Solid State Disk • Solid state disk systems store all data in memory, taking full advantage of memory performance. • Single units with capacities as high as 64GB. Installations as big as 2.5TB. Performance per unit over 300,000 random IOPS. • Cache-to-disk ratio is 1/1. Solid state disks are used to accelerate the most frequently accessed data. 2 a 2 I 3

  15. Solutions:What is a solid state disk? • Store data in memory (DDR RAM, Flash) • Non-volatile (disks + battery or inherently) • Looks like a disk drive to the operating system • Returns data in under .05 milliseconds • Capable of huge bandwidth and IOPS with random and sequential data streams 2 a 2 I 3

  16. Solid State Disk Benefits: IOMeter Results – Eight Server Test IOMeter Results - 100% Random Read 400000 1800 1600 339,756 350000 1,546 1,504 1,474 1400 300000 297,741 1200 1,163 250000 1000 15 Outstanding IO(s) (IOps ) Bandwidth (Megabytes per second) I/Os per second 200000 15 Outstanding IO(s) (BW ) 800 150000 664 600 100000 94,363 400 50000 200 24,068 6,182 0 0 '2k' '4k' '16K' '64K' '256K' Block Size

  17. Solid State Disk Benefits: Storage Performance Council Test SuperMicro Opteron SuperMicro Xeon Servers Servers SPC-1 IOPS™ Results SPC-1 IOPS: 112,500 $/SPC-1 IOPS: $1.50 8 Fibre Channel Links (1 per server)

  18. So why aren’t solid state disks going to replace the disk drive? Solid State Disks: The Future of Storage?

  19. Economics: Cost of Solid State Disks

  20. The Future of Solid State Storage • The solid state disk market will grow 2x-5x each year the economy is growing. • The solid state disk market will double with each 20% drop in memory prices. • New memory technologies take immense R&D investments to challenge incumbent media. • …though we are rooting for MRAM…

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