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Blood Glucose Monitoring And Bloodborne Pathogens

Blood Glucose Monitoring And Bloodborne Pathogens. Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM). Monitoring blood glucose levels is done to help guide therapy for persons with diabetes BGM involves: Inserting a test strip into a blood glucose monitor Drawing blood with a fingerstick device

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Blood Glucose Monitoring And Bloodborne Pathogens

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  1. Blood Glucose Monitoring • And Bloodborne Pathogens

  2. Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) • Monitoring blood glucose levels is done to help guide therapy for persons with diabetes • BGM involves: • Inserting a test strip into a blood glucose monitor • Drawing blood with a fingerstick device • Applying blood to a test strip • Administering insulin as needed

  3. Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) continued • Exposure to bloodborne pathogens can occur during BGM if unsafe practices are used • Possibility for exposure to staff member performing the procedure as well as resident receiving BGM • Bloodborne pathogens include: • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) • Hepatitis C virus • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

  4. Fingerstick Devices • Use a lancet to prick the skin to get drops of blood for testing • Two types of devices • Reusable devices • Single-use devices

  5. Fingerstick Devices • Reusable devices • Often resemble a pen (“penlet”) • Use not recommended due to problems that have been observed, including: • Failure to change disposable pieces • Failure to clean and disinfect properly • Links to multiple HBV outbreaks • Risk for occupational needlesticks • Only appropriate for people who do not require assistance with BGM • Single-use devices • Disposable • Prevent reuse through an auto-disabling feature • Appropriate for settings where assisted • monitoring of blood glucose is performed Reusable Fingerstick Device Source: CDC Single-Use Fingerstick Device Source: CDC

  6. Fingerstick Devices: Recommended Practices • Restrict use of fingerstick devices to individual persons. Never share between persons. • Any fingerstick devices designed for reuse on a single person must be clearly labeled with the individual resident’s name and stored in a secure area such as a locked cabinet or medication cart. • Select single-use devices that permanently • retract upon puncture. • Dispose of used lancets at the point of use • in an approved sharps container.

  7. Blood Glucose Monitors • Also known as a glucometer. • Gives instant feedback on the individual’s blood glucose level. • Improper use can cause incorrect readings, such as: • Glucometer or strip that’s not at room temperature • Outdated test strips • Glucometer not calibrated for the box of test strips • Blood drop that is too small • Dirty or unsanitized glucometer • Keeping accurate documentation of blood glucose levels is critical to treatment. • Check the batteries often to ensure the glucometer is working correctly.

  8. Blood Glucose Monitorscontinued • After testing, apply a Band-Aid and/or sufficient pressure to stop bleeding. • When possible, assign blood glucose monitors to an individual person. Do not share. • If sharing is necessary, clean and disinfect the monitor after every use, per manufacturer’s instructions. • If the manufacturer does not specify how the monitor should be cleaned and disinfected, then it should not be shared. • Manufacturer’s cleaning instructions are included in the glucometer’s packaging. • Label device with resident’s name and store in a secure place such as a locked cabinet. Source: NIDDK/NIH

  9. Insulin Administration • Insulin pens • Pen-shaped injector devices for insulin • Have an insulin reservoir or cartridge; an individual usually self-injects several doses of insulin before the reservoir is empty • The needle is changed in the insulin pen before each injection • Assign to individuals and label appropriately • Never share insulin pens between people • Should be used only by individuals who are able to administering insulin and change the pen needle independently. Insulin Pen Source: CDC

  10. Insulin Administration • Multiple-dose vials of insulin • Dedicate to a single person – do not “borrow” insulin from another person’s vial • Always puncture the vial with a new needle and a new syringe for each dose of insulin • Never reuse needles or syringes. • Do not carry insulin (or other medications) or supplies in your pockets. • Gather all necessary supplies and make sure an approved sharps container is available. • Insulin should be drawn up and disposed of at the care location. • Examples: resident’s bedside using medication cart, designated medical care site • Place used sharps in sharps container immediately.

  11. Hand Hygiene and Gloves • Wear gloves during: • Blood glucose monitoring • Administration of insulin • Any procedures where contact with blood or body fluids might occur • Change gloves: • Between resident contacts • After touching fingerstick wounds or potentially contaminated objects/equipment • Before touching clean surfaces • Discard gloves in appropriate receptacles

  12. Hand Hygiene and Gloves continued • Perform hand hygiene: • Immediately after glove removal • Before inserting invasive devices, regardless of glove use • Use soap and water or an alcohol-based hand rub Source: CDC Source: CDC

  13. Blood Glucose Monitoring Unsafe Practices • Using fingerstick devices for more than one person • Using a blood glucose meter for more than one person without cleaning and disinfecting it between uses per manufacturer’s instructions • Using insulin pens for more than one person • Failing to change gloves and perform hand hygiene between fingerstick procedures

  14. Best Practices • Review resident schedules for persons requiring assistance with blood glucose monitoring and/or insulin administration • Reduce # of percutaneous procedures (sticks) to the minimum medically necessary • Ensure adequate staffing ismaintained to perform diabetes care activities • Provide a full hepatitis B vaccination series to all previously unvaccinated staff persons whose activities involve contact with blood or body fluids • Limit the use of insulin pens and reusable fingerstick devices to persons who perform BGM independently

  15. Best Practices continued • Establish responsibility for oversight of infection control activities. Provide infection control training to staff with responsibility for fingersticks and injections. • Consider the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis infection in residents who develop jaundice or an illness that includes hepatic dysfunction or elevated aminotransaminase levels (AST, ALT) • Reportto public health authorities any suspected instances of a newly acquired bloodborne infection (e.g., hepatitis B) in a resident or staff member

  16. Proper blood glucose monitoring is critical for treatment accuracy and reduces the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens and other diseases. • Commit to Best Practices Today!

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