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David Rosenhan: Pseudo-Patient Experiment

David Rosenhan: Pseudo-Patient Experiment. Investigated reliability of psychiatric diagnoses Eight healthy people entered psychiatric hospitals complaining of hearing strange voices Once admitted to the hospital, they behaved normally and claimed that the voices had disappeared.

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David Rosenhan: Pseudo-Patient Experiment

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  1. David Rosenhan: Pseudo-Patient Experiment • Investigated reliability of psychiatric diagnoses • Eight healthy people entered psychiatric hospitals complaining of hearing strange voices • Once admitted to the hospital, they behaved normally and claimed that the voices had disappeared

  2. Classifying Psychological DisordersThe American Psychiatric Association rendereda Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders (DSM) to describe psychologicaldisorders and their prevelance. The most recent edition, DSM-IV-TR (Text Revision, 2000), describes 400 psychological disorders compared to 60 in the 1950s.

  3. Multiaxial Classification : DSM-IV serves as guidelines for making decisions about symptoms Axis I Is a Clinical Syndrome (childhood, anxiety, mood Psychotic, somatoform, etc.) present? Axis II Is a Personality Disorder present? (enduring, maladaptive, inflexible, impaired functioning) Axis III Is a General Medical Condition (diabetes, hypothyroidism) present? Axis IV Are Psychosocial or Environmental Problems (social isolation, traumatic event) also present? Axis V What is the Global Assessment of the person’s Functioning? (physical, social, occupational) 1-100

  4. Clinical Diagnosis of Jeffrey Dahmer: Antisocial Personality Disorder • Axis I: Unusual sexual symptoms may match those of a sexual disorder • Axis II: Maladaptive Personality disorder • Axis III: N/A • Axis IV: Loner, poor self esteem, poor social skills which match psycho-social symptoms • Axis V: Amazingly, Dahmer functioned well enough to hold a job & go unnoticed in his neighborhood

  5. Schizophrenia

  6. Schizophrenia A mental disorder that stems from the brain that interferes with a person’s ability to think, feel, and act.

  7. EPIDEMIOLOGY (cause and distribution) • Males and females are at equal risk. • Males onset between ages 16-25 • Females onset between ages 20-30 • May occur at any age

  8. EPIDEMIOLOGYCONT. • Biochemistry • Dopamine • Biology & Genetic Predispositions • Stress and Drug Abuse • Virus Hypothesis & Nutritional Theories • (Bio-psycho-social model)

  9. Symptoms Van Gogh’s (Starry Night) • Positive-unusual thoughts, hallucinations, delusions, disorders of movement. • Negative-decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in life. • Disorganized-problems with memory, attention, sounds, and sights.

  10. Diagnosis Currently, no specific laboratory tests for diagnosing schizophrenia. Blood tests and X-rays Referral to psychologist or psychiatrist If person exhibits schizophrenia symptoms for more than six months individual is considered schizophrenic. Schizophrenic Normal

  11. Subtypes of schizophrenia • Undifferentiated-reduction of interests and relationships, lack emotional depth, withdrawal. • Hebephrenic-childish or bizarre behavior, hallucinations. • Catatonic-unusual motor behaviors, impulsive behavior. • Paranoid-delusions, illogical thinking, hallucinations.

  12. Treatments There is no cure for schizophrenia • Medications- Antipsychotics are primary medications, reduces symptoms of hallucinations & delusions. (clozapine) • Psychosocial Therapy- Most effective, includes rehabilitation helping to focus on skills and training for future independence. • Hospitalization- patients exhibiting severe symptoms, to prevent injury & gain stability • Psychosurgery- lobotomy operation. • http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid203712179/bctid347806832

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