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Chapter Introduction Section 1 The First Christians Section 2 The Christian Church

The Rise of Christianity. Chapter Introduction Section 1 The First Christians Section 2 The Christian Church Section 3 The Spread of Christian Ideas Reading Review Chapter Assessment. Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. The Rise of Christianity.

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Chapter Introduction Section 1 The First Christians Section 2 The Christian Church

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  1. The Rise of Christianity Chapter Introduction Section 1 The First Christians Section 2 The Christian Church Section 3 The Spread of Christian Ideas Reading Review Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

  2. The Rise of Christianity Chapter Objectives • Describe how Jesus’ life, teachings, and death led to the birth of a new religion—Christianity. • Explain how Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire. • Evaluate the connections between religion and government during Christianity’s early years.

  3. The Rise of Christianity

  4. The First Christians Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes the history of Roman-Jewish interaction, as well as the birth of Christianity.

  5. The First Christians Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas • Roman rule of Judaea led some Jews to oppose Rome peacefully, while others rebelled. • Jesus of Nazareth preached of God’s love and forgiveness. He was eventually crucified and then reported to have risen from the dead. • Jesus’ life and a belief in his resurrection led to a new religion called Christianity.

  6. The First Christians Get Ready to Read (cont.) Locating Places • Jerusalem (juh·ROO·suh·luhm) • Judaea (ju·DEE·uh) • Nazareth (NA·zuh·ruhth) • Galilee (GA·luh·LEE) Meeting People • Jesus (JEE·zuhs) • Peter • Paul

  7. The First Christians Get Ready to Read (cont.) Building Your Vocabulary • messiah (muh·SY·uh) • disciple (dih·SY·puhl) • parable (PAR·uh·buhl) • resurrection (REH·zuh·REHK·shuhn) • apostle (uh·PAH·suhl) • salvation (sal·VAY·shuhn)

  8. The First Christians Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Summarizing Information Complete a diagram like the one on page 342 of your textbook, showing the purposes of early Christian churches.

  9. The First Christians The Jews and the Romans • Jerusalem was the capital of the kingdom of Israel. • During the 900s B.C., Israel was divided into two kingdoms: Israel and Judah. • Emperor Augustus made Judah into a Roman province called Judaea in A.D. 6. • The Zealots were Jews who rebelled against the Romans in A.D. 66 to take back their kingdom. (page 343)

  10. The First Christians The Jews and the Romans (cont.) • The Zealots were defeated and the temple was destroyed. • The Jews rebelled again in A.D. 132 and were defeated again. • In retaliation, the Romans forced the Jews to leave Jerusalem and banned them from ever returning. (page 343)

  11. The First Christians What happened to the Jews after they were banished from Jerusalem? The Jews settled in many far-off places, such as Spain and central Asia. However, they still kept their religion alive.

  12. The First Christians The Life of Jesus • A messiah is a deliverer. • The Jews believed God would send a messiah to restore the kingdom. • Jesus, a Jew born in the city of Nazareth, traveled throughout Judaea preaching his ideas. (pages 344–347)

  13. The First Christians The Life of Jesus (cont.) • Jesus’ message was contained in a group of sayings called the Sermon on the Mount. • Jesus believed in love and forgiveness, not simply following religious laws. (pages 344–347)

  14. The First Christians The Life of Jesus (cont.) • Jesus used parables to give his message. • Parables are stories that use events from everyday life to express spiritual ideas. • Jesus’ followers believed he was the messiah the Jews had been waiting for. (pages 344–347)

  15. The First Christians The Life of Jesus (cont.) • Leaders in Jerusalem charged Jesus with treason and crucified him. • Jesus’ followers believe in Jesus’ resurrection, or rising from the dead. • They founded a new religion called Christianity. (pages 344–347)

  16. The First Christians Why did Roman rulers punish Jesus with death? They feared his preaching would create a strong reaction among people that would threaten law and order.

  17. The First Christians The First Christians • People who accepted Jesus and his teachings were called Christians. • The Apostles were early Christian leaders who had been chosen by Jesus to spread his message. They helped establish churches and spread Jesus’ word. • Peter and Paul were two of Jesus’ apostles. (pages 348–350)

  18. The First Christians The First Christians (cont.) • Christians believe Jesus is the Son of God who came to save people. • Christians believe people can gain salvation, or be saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven, by accepting Jesus. • Christians believe in the Trinity, or one God who exists as three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. (pages 348–350)

  19. The First Christians Why is Paul important to the history of Christianity? He traveled extensively, spreading Jesus’ message and founding churches throughout eastern Mediterranean.

  20. The First Christians What are parables, and why did Jesus use them? A parable is a story that uses events from everyday life to express spiritual ideas.

  21. The First Christians What do Christians believe they will gain by accepting Jesus and his teachings? They believe they will gain salvation, be resurrected, and have everlasting life.

  22. The First Christians Analyze Why were the Jews looking for a messiah? Did Jesus fulfill most Jews’ expectations for a messiah? Explain. Jews hoped the promised messiah would restore their freedom. Jesus did not fulfill most Jews’ expectations. They disagreed about his authenticity.

  23. The First Christians Explain Why was Jesus put to death? Roman rulers feared he might threaten law and order.

  24. The First Christians Expository Writing Write an essay comparing Christianity to one or more religions that you have already learned about. Answers will vary.

  25. The First Christians Discuss how Jesus’ teachings affected the Roman Empire in the first century.

  26. The Christian Church Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes how Christianity was organized and how it later became Rome’s official religion.

  27. The Christian Church Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas • Christianity won many followers and eventually became the official religion of the Roman Empire. • Early Christians set up a church organization and explained their beliefs.

  28. The Christian Church Get Ready to Read (cont.) Locating Places • Rome Meeting People • Constantine (KAHN·stuhn·TEEN) • Helena (HEHL·uh·nuh) • Theodosius (THEE·uh·DOH·shuhs)

  29. The Christian Church Get Ready to Read (cont.) Building Your Vocabulary • persecute (PURH·sih·KYOOT) • martyr (MAHR·tuhr) • hierarchy (HY·uhr·AHR·kee) • clergy (KLUHR·jee) • laity (LAY·uh·tee) • doctrine (DAHK·truhn) • gospel (GAHS·puhl) • pope

  30. The Christian Church Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Organizing Information Complete a diagram like the one on page 351 of your textbook, showing reasons for the growth of Christianity.

  31. The Christian Church A Growing Faith • Christianity spread throughout Rome. • Christianity became popular for several reasons. • It appealed to the lower classes because it offered them hope. • The ideals of Christianity were similar to what the people already believed. (pages 352–354)

  32. The Christian Church A Growing Faith (cont.) • Also, Christianity gave people an opportunity to be part of a caring group of people. • Roman officials began to feel threatened by Christians. • The Romans began to persecute, or mistreat, the Christians in A.D. 64. • Martyrs are people willing to die rather than give up their beliefs. (pages 352–354)

  33. The Christian Church A Growing Faith (cont.) • The Edict of Milan in A.D. 313 gave religious freedom to all people and made Christianity legal. (pages 352–354)

  34. The Christian Church A Growing Faith (cont.) • Helena, Constantine’s mother, helped build churches in Rome and Jerusalem. • Theodosius, the emperor after Constantine, made Christianity the official religion of Rome in A.D. 392. (pages 352–354)

  35. The Christian Church How did women serve in the early Christian church? Christian women had new and important duties to perform. They ran churches, spread Jesus’ word, and helped care for those in need.

  36. The Christian Church The Early Church • Early Christians modeled their church after the Roman Empire’s government structure. • A hierarchy is an organization with different levels of authority. • The Christian community’s hierarchy included five levels: the laity, clergy, bishops, archbishops, and patriarchs. • Church members were the laity. (pages 355–356)

  37. The Christian Church The Early Church (cont.) • Church leaders were the clergy. • Later, clergy were called priests. • Several churches grouped together form a diocese, which was led by a bishop. • An archbishop was a bishop in charge of an entire region. • The five leading archbishops were known as patriarchs. (pages 355–356)

  38. The Christian Church The Early Church (cont.) • Doctrine is official church teaching. • Jesus’ followers, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, left a written record of his teachings. • Each of the apostles’ works is called a gospel, and all four gospels together are part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. (pages 355–356)

  39. The Christian Church The Early Church (cont.) • The pope was the bishop of Rome. • Gradually the pope claimed power over other bishops. • The Latin-speaking churches in the West that were led by the pope became the Roman Catholic Church. (pages 355–356)

  40. The Christian Church What were the duties of a bishop? Bishops explained Christian beliefs, took care of church business, and met with other bishops to discuss questions and make decisions about Christianity.

  41. The Christian Church What is a martyr? A martyr is a person willing to die rather than give up his or her beliefs.

  42. The Christian Church What writings are included in the New Testament of the Bible? the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, plus the writings of Paul and other early Christian leaders

  43. The Christian Church Analyze Following Jesus’ death, why was Christianity able to attract followers? Christianity offered hope and comfort. It appealed to the emotions and promised life after death. It gave people the chance to be part of a caring group.

  44. The Christian Church Analyze Why do you think the Christian church came to be ruled by a hierarchy? Possible answer: The Roman Empire showed a successful way to unite different peoples in many places.

  45. The Christian Church Conclude Do you think the Christian religion would have spread so quickly if it had developed in a time other than that of the Roman Empire? Answers will vary.

  46. The Christian Church Writing Questions Write five questions that a reporter who lived at the same time as Constantine might have asked him about Christianity. Answers will vary.

  47. The Christian Church Few people knew how to read during the time discussed in this section. Discuss why missionaries were, therefore, important for the spread of Christianity.

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