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Spanish Civil War 1936 - 1939

Spanish Civil War 1936 - 1939. Causes - Notes. Causes. Unstable political system Early 20 th century - struggle between supporters of monarchy and democracy Periods of anarchy and terrorism eg.1906 – attempt to blow up the king on his wedding day

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Spanish Civil War 1936 - 1939

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  1. Spanish Civil War1936 - 1939 Causes - Notes

  2. Causes Unstable political system • Early 20th century - struggle between supporters of monarchy and democracy • Periods of anarchy and terrorism eg.1906 – attempt to blow up the king on his wedding day • Government used violence and terror to crush opposition

  3. Causes Unstable political system cont. • Growth of popularity of socialism and communism – demands for equality • Growth in trade unions – strikes • Demands for separatism – Basques, Catalans • Instability – 12 governments between 1919 and 1923

  4. Causes Unstable political system cont. • Military dictatorship – Primo de Rivera 1923 – 1930 • 1930 – King abdicated – republic formed • 1930 – 1936 – series of right and left wing republican governments • 1936 – Republican left wing government elected (Popular Front) – introduced a series of reforms

  5. Causes Unstable political system cont. • Republican Government Reforms • Reduced powers of Catholic Church e.g. education - resentment • Big businesses brought under government control - nationalisation • Land taken from big landowners by government - resentment • Spanish society split

  6. Causes Republic/Popular Front Supporters • Liberal Republicans • Socialists • Communists • Anarchists • Trade Unionists • Anti Clericals • Nationalists – Basques, Catalans

  7. Causes Nationalist/Rebels • Army • Roman Catholic Church • Fascists (Falange) • Monarchists • Landowners • Businessmen • Roman Catholic peasants

  8. Causes Social divisions • Haves/have nots – few rich/most poor • 45% illiteracy • 2 million unemployed landless labourers • Political parties reflected divisions • Roman Catholic Church tolerated inequality – division between the ‘Faithful’ and non believers

  9. Causes Economic Collapse • One of the poorest countries in Europe in the 1930s • Farming outdated and inefficient • Industry and business lacked drive – lack of enterprise • Effects of Wall Street Crash 1929 – bankruptcy, unemployment

  10. Causes Economic Collapse cont. • Dictatorship of de Rivera collapsed in 1930 • Political views polarised • Support for strong right wing leader with quick solutions • Support for left wing govt. – socialism or communism

  11. Causes Economic Collapse cont. • Loss of faith in economy led to loss of faith in democratic government • Strikes worsened the situation • Rightwing/left wing split in Spanish society aggravated

  12. Causes Army Interference in Politics • Tradition of army interference in Spanish politics for over a century • Strong institution in Spanish society • Right wing • Supported the Roman Catholic Church • Supported the Monarchy

  13. Causes Army Interference in Politics cont. • Supported the privileges of the middle and upper classes • Popular Front Government had sacked half of the army’s officers - resentment • Top generals – Mola and Franco had been sacked - resentment • Disgusted with anarchic state of Spain – wanted to restore order • Rebellion planned

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