Chapter 12, Section 3 The End of Reconstruction p. 432-437

1. Chapter 12, Section 3The End of Reconstructionp. 432-437 With the end of Reconstruction, African Americans in the South lose many of the rights they had gained

2. Self Rule for the South • Declining support for Radicals Republicans • People grow tired of the military occupation of the Southern States. • Corruption in the Grant administration • Democrats regain power in Southern states • Chip away at African American Rights Seymour & Blair political cartoon

3. Reconstruction’s Conclusion Main Idea: A deal between President Hayes and southern Democrats leads to the end of Reconstruction. The Election of 1876: “The Last Battle of the Civil War” Rutherford Hayes (Republican) vs Samuel Tilden (Democrat)

4. Election of 1876 • Republicans make a deal with Democrats to make Rutherford B. Hayes President #19. • Hayes promises to remove federal troops from the South • Hayes allows whites to re-segregate Southern society • Reconstruction ENDS with Hayes 1st and only term

5. African Americans Lose Rights Main Idea: Laws passed by southern states after Reconstruction cost African Americans most of their civil rights. Jim Crow Laws: Racial Segregation Jim Crow Laws limit rights of African Americans and lead to segregation racial segregation = forced separation of races poll Tax-a personal tax to be paid before vote literacy test-a test to see if a person could read & write Grandfather clause-allows a voter to skip literacy test, if voter’s father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on Jan. 1, 1867 (No African Americans could vote in the South until 1868!)

6. Plessy vs. Ferguson(1896: U.S. Supreme Court Case) • Lawsuit regarding segregation of railroad facilities • Court rules that segregation of public facilities is okay, if both areas are “equal” - Allowed for a HUGE increase of Jim Crow Laws in the South • Equality requirement was pretty much ignored… • Supreme Court will not correct this horrible mistake until Brown vs. the Board of Education in 1954, over 58 years later!!! The case that established “Separate but equal”

7. A Cycle of Poverty Main Idea: Freedmen farmers were forced into a cycle of poverty nearly impossible to escape. African American Sharecroppers see p. 434-435 • Poverty forces freedmen to become sharecroppers • a laborer who works the land for a farmer who owns the land, in exchange for a share of the value of the crop • Landlords supply living quarters, tools, seeds & food on credit • Trap sharecroppers in a cycle of debt

8. Industrial Growth Main Idea: By the 1880s, the South had begun to develop its own resources and industries. Industrialization: Birth of the “New South” By the 1880s new industries appear in the South. “New South”- Industrialization of the Southern economy Cotton planters expanded into the textile industry South began to develop its own natural resources “They buried him in the heart of a pine forest, and yet the pine coffin was imported from Cincinnati. They buried him within touch of an iron mine, and yet the nails in his coffin and the iron in the shovel that dug his grave were imported from Pittsburgh.” - Funeral in Georgia, 1889 (p. 437) “King Cotton” is overthrown by industrialization

9. End of Unit 5 • Jeopardy Wednesday • Unit 5 TEST Thursday (120 pts.) • Chapter 10 – The Nation Divided • Wilmot Prov, Comp. of 1850, KS/NEB Act, Pop. Sov., Fug. Slave Act, Ft. Sumter…. • John Brown, John Calhoun, Dred Scott…. • Chapter 11 - The Civil War • N. & S. Advantages, Casualties, Bull Run, Richmond, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, Eman… • Lee, Jackson, Grant, Sherman, Lincoln… • C12 – Reconstruction & the New South • “Radicals”, Freedmen, amnesty, 13th & 14th Amends., Jim Crow laws, the KKK….