AP Psychology Review Resources

1. AP Psychology ReviewThe following resources are available • Review documents for each unit • Practice exam • FRQ Practice questions and rubrics • Documents: • Critical terms • Confusing Pairs • Famous Research Studies

2. Content Percentages on Test • 2-4% history and approaches • 8-10% research methods • 8-10% biological bases of behavior • 6-8% sensation and perception • 2-4% states of consciousness • 7-9% learning • 8-10% cognition • 6-8% motivation and emotion • 7-9% developmental psychology • 5-7% personality • 5-7% testing and individual differences • 8-10% Social psychology

3. Correlation vs. Exp. IV vs. DV Control vs. Exp. Group Random Ass. / Random Sample Confounding Var. Controls Op. Def. of Variables Correlation Coefficient Central Tendency Measures of variability Z score Bell Curve Valid, Reliable Replication Statistical Significance APA guidelines Research

4. Neurotransmission Sensory / Motor neurons Nervous System Endocrine System Parts of Brain Brain hemispheres Brain imaging Plasticity Aphasia Split-Brain Neurobiology

5. Teratogens Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Attachment (imprinting) Critical Period Habituation Heritability Maturation Menarche / menopause Longitudinal v. cross-sectional Fluid v. Crystallized Parenting styles Theorists Piaget Kohlberg Gilligan Erikson Harlow Ainsworth Developmental Psych

6. Bottom Up / top Down Absolute Threshold JND / Weber’s Law Trichromatic v. Opponent Process Feature Detection Eye / Ear Audition / Olfaction Place v. Frequency theory Vestibular Sense Kinesthesis Gestalt Binocular Cues Monocular Cues Perceptual Set Selective Attention Size / Color Constancy Sensation Perception

7. Sleep stages Sleep Disorders Activation Synthesis v. Information Processing Lucid Dreaming Hypnosis Post-Hypnotic Suggestion Dissociation Drugs: Withdraw, tolerance, Depressants, stimulants, hallucinagens Personality Psychoanalysis / Freud Psychodynamic Projective Tests Humanistic Trait Social-Cognitive Albert Bandura Aaron Beck States of Consciousness / Personality

8. Pavlov= Classical Watson= Aversive Skinner= Operant Skinner Box Thorndike: Law of Effect Encoding, Storage, Retrieval Three Stage Processing Theory Iconic v. Ehoic Short-term = working memory LTP Theory Explicit v. Implicit Amnesia (types) Interference (types) Learning / Memory

9. Concept / Prototype Representative Heuristic Availability Heuristic Insight Trial and Error Algorithm Obstacles to Problem solving Phonemes v. Morphemes Syntax v. Semantics Chomsky = nature Critical period / LAD Skinner = nurture Thinking / Language

10. IQ = MA / CA x 100 Standardized Testing Reliability / Validity Achievement v. Aptitude Savant Syndrome Flynn Effect Bell Curve Factor Analysis Theorists Spearman- G Factor / Factor analysis Gardner: Mult. Intelligences Goleman- EQ Sternberg: Triarchic theory (analytical, creative, practical) Testing / Intelligence

11. Drive-Reduction Homeostasis Push / pull factors Arousal Incentive Maslow’s Hierarchy Hunger Lateral v. Ventromedial Hypothalamus Set Point / BMR Sexual Motivation Achievement Motivation Conflicting motivations Emotions Facial expressions = universal Catharsis Feel good-do good James Lange theory Cannon-Bard Theory Schacter’s Two-Factor theory Motivation / Emotion

12. Stress • Type A personality • Type B personality • Type A + negative anger = heart disease • General Adaptation Syndrome • Holmes and Rahe: Social Readjustment Rating Scale (numerical value on sterss)

13. DSM IV Psychiatrist v. Psychologist 2 weeks Neuroticism Psychotic Delusions / Hallucinations Disorders Anxiety Mood Disorders Somatoform Dissociative Schizophrenia Personality Disorders Abnormal Psychology

14. Psychotherapy Hans-Seyle General Adaptation Syndrome Social Readjustment Rating Scale A type, B type Types of Therapy Psychoanalysis Humanistic Behavioral Cognitive Biomedical Eclectic approach! Therapy

15. Cognitive Dissonance Foot in door / Door in Face Attribution Theory Fundamental Attribution Theory Just-World Belief Frustration-Aggression theory By-stander effect Social facilitation Social loafing Deindivuation Group Polarization Group Think Milgram Experiment Robber’s Cave Asch Experiment Stanford Prison Experiment Social Psych

16. Theorists • Developmental Psych • Piaget: Cognitive • Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational • Kohlberg: Moral • Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional • Erikson: Social (8 stages) • Harlow: Touch and attachment • Ainsworth: Secure, insecure attachment

17. Theorists • Formation of Personality • Freud: Psychosexual Stages / Unconscious • Adler, Jung: Psychodynamic • Humanistic perspective • Carl Rogers: UPR, • Maslow: Self-actualization • Trait Perspective (personality in the genes..) • Personality Inventories • Social Cognitive • Bandura: Reciprocal Determinism, self-efficacy • Julian Rotter: Locus of control • George Kelley: Personal constructs

18. Theorists Intelligence • Spearman • Factor Analysis / G Factor • Gardner: Multiple Intelligences (8) • Howard Gardner: EQ (Emotional intelligence) • Sternberg: Triarchic theory (analytical, creative, practical)

19. Theorists Therapy • Psychoanalysis (Unconcious) • Humanistic • Rogers: UPR, Active listening, non-directive • Maslow: self-actualization, self-concept • Gestalt: whole body • Behavioral • Systematic Desensitization • Invivo • Aversive Conditioning • Cognitive • Julian Rotter: locus of control / Seligman: LH • Beck: Cognitive Triad / Bandura: Self-efficacy

20. Depression • Serotonin • Seligman’s learned helplessness • Beck’s cognitive triad • Explanatory Style