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Introduction to GIS: Understanding Geographic Information Systems

Learn the basics of GIS, including its components, functions, applications, data model, types of data, and introduction to ArcGIS software. GIS enables capturing, storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced information for various purposes.

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Introduction to GIS: Understanding Geographic Information Systems

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Something basic about GIS

  2. What is GIS ? • GIS = Geographic Information Systems • Three components: • Geography – the real world • Information – data and information • Systems – technologies

  3. A Definition of GIS • GIS = Geographic Information Systems • Worboys, 1995: • A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based information system that enables one to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information.

  4. Functions of GIS • Collection • Storage & Management • Retrieval • Conversion • Analysis • Display

  5. Applications of GIS • How GIS can be used: • Infrastructure Management • Transportation Network Routing • Floodplain Management • Emergency Response Planning • Noise Pollution Analysis • Participatory Planning Processes • Jobs/Housing Spatial Balance • and more …

  6. Administrative Boundaries Utilities Zoning Buildings Parcels Hydrography Streets Digital Orthophoto The GIS Data Model • Data Organized by Layers/Themes

  7. The GIS Data Model Layers Integrate Using Explicit Location on the Earth’s Surface

  8. Types of GIS Data • Describes Objects In Terms Of: • Spatial Data • Absolute X,Y Coordinates – Locations • Size, and Shape • Attributes • Characteristics associated with Geography

  9. GIS Associates Spatial and Attribute Data in a Geo-Referenced Database ARC INFO 1 3 ID AREA PERIM CLASS LANDUSE 1 260210 20688 100 Single Family 2 18210 20688 100 Multi Family 3 260210 20688 100 Commercial 4 258876 16880 200 Forest 5 3008 88 500 Water 5 2 4

  10. Introduction to ArcGIS • ArcGIS is a software program , used to create, display and analyze geospatial data , developed by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) of Redlands, California. • http://www.esri.com/

  11. ESRI’s ArcGIS Platform • Suite of Three Integrated Applications: • ArcCatalog • ArcMap • ArcToolbox

  12. Components of ArcGIS • ArcCatalog is used for browsing for maps and spatial data and managing spatial data, viewing and creating metadata. • ArcMap is used for visualizing spatial data, performing spatial analysis and creating maps to show the results. • ArcToolboxis an interface for accessing the data conversion and analysis function that come with ArcGIS.

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