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Emergency Procedures In Sports

Emergency Procedures In Sports. Most Injuries DO NOT result in life or death emergency situations. PROMPT CARE is ESSENTIAL!. Time is IMPORTANT No Room For UNC ERTAINTY, INDECISIVENESS, ERROR! The evaluation must be Prompt, Accurate so the Proper Treatment can be RENDERED.

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Emergency Procedures In Sports

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  1. Emergency Procedures In Sports

  2. Most Injuries DO NOT result in life or death emergency situations. • PROMPT CARE is ESSENTIAL!

  3. Time is IMPORTANT • No Room For UNCERTAINTY, INDECISIVENESS, ERROR! • The evaluation must be Prompt, Accurate so the Proper Treatment can be RENDERED

  4. Primary Concern • Functioning Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems!

  5. Signs that indicate how the essential life systems are functioning CNS Pain Brain Function LOC Movement Blood Flow Rate Pressure Respirations Quality Rate Temperature Vital Signs

  6. 1. Pulse

  7. Functioning Heart • Check at the Carotid or Radial • Normal for adults is 60 to 80 bpm • Children from 80 to 150 bpm • Trained athletes lower - 44 to 50 bpm

  8. Abnormal Signs • Rapid / Weak • Shock, Bleeding, Diabetic Coma, Heat Exhaustion • Rapid / Strong • Heatstroke, Fright • Slow / Strong (Bounding) • Skull fracture, Stroke, Cardiac Problems • No Pulse • Cardiac Arrest / Death

  9. 2. Respiration

  10. Inhaling and Exhaling • Oxygen in the Blood • Watching chest rise / fall • Listening to the athlete • Normal adults = 12 to 20 / minute • Normal children = 20 to 28 / minute

  11. Abnormal Signs • Shallow • Shock, Heat Exhaustion, Chest injury • Irregular/Gasping • Cardiac problems • Frothy • Chest Injury, Rib Fracture • Rapid • Hyperventilating

  12. 3. Temperature

  13. Normal = 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit • Measures Core - Skull, Thoracic, Abdomen • Tongue, Armpit, Rectum, Ear • Rectal usually .5 degrees higher • Rectal more accurate • Skin can indicate a temperature change

  14. Abnormal Signs • Hot and Dry • Disease, Infection, Heatstroke • Cool and Clammy • Trauma, Shock, Heat Exhaustion • Cool and Dry • Overexposure to Cold

  15. 4. Skin Color

  16. Normal varies from person to person • Fair skinned athletes • Check Lips, Fingernails • Dark skinned athletes • Normal • Pink nail beds, lips, mouth, tongue • Shock • Mouth / Nose - Grayish & Tongue • Lips - Blue

  17. Abnormal Signs

  18. RED • Rubor • Heatstroke, Diabetic Coma, High Blood Pressure, Fever, Hypertension • Dilated capillaries

  19. White, Pale, Ashen • Pallor • Shock, Fright, Hemorrhage, Heat Exhaustion, Insulin Shock, Heart Attack • Vasoconstriction

  20. Blue • Cyanotic • Blocked Airway, Cardiac Arrest, Asthma • Poor or lack of Oxygen

  21. 5. Pupils

  22. Sensitive to Central Nervous System Trauma • Must KNOW YOUR ATHLETES • Note Presence of Contacts, Artificial Eye • Rapid constriction of pupils when the eyes are exposed to intense light is called the PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX • Eye Movement tests focus and vision

  23. Abnormal Signs Pupil Size

  24. Constricted • CNS Injured, Heat Exhaustion Depressant, Ingested a Poison

  25. Dilated • Heatstroke, Shock, Hemorrhage, Stimulant, Coma, Cardiac Arrest

  26. Unequal • Head Injury, Stroke

  27. Abnormal Signs Vision Movement

  28. Abnormal Signs • Eye movement is tested by asking the individual to focus on a single object • Diplopia= Double vision • external eye muscles fail to work together • Watch fingers through six cardinalfields • Depth perception- Grab your finger in front of their face

  29. Six Cardinal Fields of Vision 2 5 1 4 3 6

  30. 6. State of Consciousness

  31. Normal • Alert, Aware, Responds Quickly to Verbal Commands, Talks Coherently

  32. Conditions that may alter consciousness • Head Injury, Respiratory Distress (Syncope = Fainting), Tumors, Hemorrhage, Edema, Brain Infections, Seizures, Heat Stroke, Hypoglycemia, Drug Overdose From Opiates, Barbituates, Aspirin, Tylenol, Alcohol, Poisoning, Liver or Kidney Failure, Heart Attack

  33. Abnormal Signs • Various Levels of Consciousness, Confusion • Consciousness is defined on a continuum that grades levels of behavior in response to stimuli.

  34. LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

  35. Alert • Highest level of consciousness • Aware of surroundings • Responds to questions

  36. Drowsy or Lethargic • Less alert • Somewhat unaware of surroundings but can be aroused with a nudge or sound to respond to questions

  37. STUPOR • Nearly unconscious • Unable to stay alert for any appreciable length of time • Responds to questions only when prodded then lapses back into unconsciousness

  38. UNCONSCIOUS • Impairment of brain function • Lacks conscious awareness • Unable to respond to superficial sensory stimuli • pinching armpit, hitting sternum

  39. COMA • Most depressed state of consciousness • Cannot be aroused with pin pricks • Eyes are closed • No recognizable speech

  40. 7. Movement

  41. Relates to Muscle Integrity and CNS • Inability to MOVE ANY EXTREMITY may indicate a CNSInjury, Fracture • PARALYSIS

  42. Abnormal Signs

  43. One Side Only • HEMIPLEGIA • Stroke, Head Injury • 1/2 the body neurologically impaired

  44. Upper Limbs Down • QUADRIPLEGIA • Cervical Injury • No Movement in the upper and lower limbs

  45. Lower Limbs Down • PARAPLEGIA • No movement in the lower extremities

  46. Limited Use • Transient Paralysis • Pressure on the Spinal Cord • Stretched / Contused Nerves

  47. 8. Abnormal Nerve Stimulation

  48. Relates to Peripheral Nerves and the CNS

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