Interactions Among Living Things Ch. 1.3

1. Interactions Among Living Things Ch. 1.3

2. What Do We Know? • 1. All living things need water to survive. • 2. All living things grow, develop and reproduce. • 3. Some living things breathe. • 4. All living things have a habitat. • 5. All living things adapt to their environment. • 6. All living things compete for resources. • 7. Some organisms live together. • 8. Organisms interact in different ways.

3. Describe life in a Saguaro cactus:

4. Describe life in a Saguaro cactus: • Many species live on, in or around the cactus. • Hawks live in a nest • Owls live inside the cactus. • Rattlesnake looks around the cactus for food. • Bats feed on the nectar from the cactus’s flowers. • Each organism has unique characteristics. • These characteristics help the organism survive in this environment.

5. I. Adapting to the Environment • A. Natural Selection • 1. NaturalSelection is a process by which characteristicsthat make an individual better suited to its environmentbecome more common in a species. • 2. Natural selection results in adaptations.

6. A. Natural Selection • 3. Adaptations are behaviorsand physical characteristics that allow organismsto live successfullyin their environments. • 4. Over time, poorly suited characteristics disappearfrom the species.

7. B. Niches • 1. Every organism has a varietyof adaptations that are suited to its specificliving conditions. • 2. The roleof an organism in its habitator how it makes its livingis called its Niche.

8. B. Niches • 3. A niche includes: type of food, how it obtainsthe food, what eats it, and how the organism reproducesand conditions to survive.

9. II. Types of Interactions • C. Competition • 1. Competition is the struggle between organisms to surviveas they attempt to use the samelimited resources. • 2. An ecosystem has limited food, waterand shelter.

10. Specialization of Species • 3. How do species coexist? • Organisms must have adaptations that enable them to reduce competition in order to survive. • Organisms “specialize” in their role/niche to survive.

12. D. Predation • 1. An interaction in which 1 organism killsanother for foodis called predation. • 2. The Predatordoes the killing while the Preyis killed. • 3. Predators and Prey have adaptationsfor survival.

13. E. Symbiosis • 1. Symbiosis is a close relationship between 2species that benefits at least 1of the species.

14. Mutualism • 2. Mutualism is a relationship where bothspecies benefit. • Example = • 1. Bats and the Saguaro Cactus • 2. Acacia trees and Stinging Ants

15. Commensalism • 3. Commensalism is a relationship in which 1species benefits and the other is neither helpednor harmed. • Example = • 1. Hawks build a nest in the cactus • 2. Owls living in the cactus • 3. Not very common in nature.

16. Parasitism • 4. Parasitism involves 1organism living onor insideanother organism and harmingit. • a. the organism that benefits is Parasite • b. the organism that is harmed is the Host • Example = • 1. Fleas, ticks and leeches • 2. Tapeworms • 3. Mites living in the ears of Moths

17. Parasite/Host

18. What did We Learn? • 1. Organisms adapt to their surroundings. • 2. Natural selection is a process in which species become better suited to their environment. • 3. Organisms have niches, which are their roles. • 4. Some organisms are predators. • 5. Specializing can reduce competition. • 6. Organisms use defense strategies to avoid predators. • 7. Some organisms live together in symbiotic relationships. • 8. 3 type of Symbiosis include: Mutualism, Commensalism and Parasitism.