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KINGDOM PLANTAE

KINGDOM PLANTAE. Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta. Seeds Subphylum Spermopsida. Seeds ‘naked’. Seeds enclosed. Class Angiospermidia. Class Gymnospermidia. Phylum Tracheophyta : the vascular plants. Completed their evolution to land by:.

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KINGDOM PLANTAE

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  1. KINGDOM PLANTAE Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta Seeds Subphylum Spermopsida Seeds ‘naked’ Seeds enclosed Class Angiospermidia Class Gymnospermidia

  2. Phylum Tracheophyta: the vascular plants Completed their evolution to land by: 1. Protective cuticle to prevent dessication 2. Evolved tissues to conduct and support • xylem: thick rigid tubes that conduct water and minerals from the soil (roots) to all parts of the plant. Also provides support (skeleton). • phloem: thin walled tubes that conduct the products of photosynthesis (food) to all of the non-photosynthetic parts of the plant (ie: fruit, roots).

  3. XYLEM Moves water from soil to plant

  4. PHLOEM Moves food from leaf to roots…

  5. 3. True roots: their roots contain xylem and phloem, and can be much longer (no longer rely on diffusion).

  6. 4. Developed Leaves: do photosynthesis ONLY • Specialized sex organs. • Don’t need water to distribute offspring (except for ferns).

  7. KINGDOM PLANTAE Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta Seeds No Seeds Seeds enclosed Seeds ‘naked’ Ferns Sub Phylum Spermopsida Class Gymnospermidia Sub Phylum: Lycophyta (club & spike moss) Sphenophyta (equisitem) Pterophyta (ferns) Psilophyta (whisk ferns)

  8. Subphylum Spermopsida (seed bearing plants) • True roots (with vascular tissue) • Reproduction without water • Protective covering around embryo (seed) – can survive winter • Improved conducting tissue: thicker and stronger xylem. Became taller.

  9. Class Gymnospermidia ‘naked seeds’ (conifers – cone bearers) 1. Evolved in the early Mesozoic in cooler, isolated areas. 2. Adapted to cool, dry climates; dominant type of tree type in Canada. 3. Leaves = needles. Don’t freeze and carry sap; This allows conifers to continue on with photosynthesis in the winter.

  10. 4. Superior (very thick) xylem; allows for tall growth Sequoia Tree Redwood Trees

  11. 5. Cones for reproduction; protects the seeds through the winter. Airborne pollen eventually pollinates the egg. 6. The seed develops scales and when mature, the scales open and the seed is distributed by the wind.

  12. FEMALE CONE With ovules (X)

  13. MALE CONES (with pollen X)

  14. The cone is made up of a very short branch with many small, rounded,  leaf-like structures (scales) attached to a central stem. • A female cone lives and grows for several years, becoming much larger than a male cone. • An ovule develops on each scale of a female cone.  Inside the ovule, an egg cell is produced.  • If fertilization occurs, an embryo grows inside the ovule.  The ovule hardens, becoming a seed. • Eventually the scales spread, allowing the seeds to fall.  If conditions are favourable where it falls, the embryo inside the pine seed will grow into a new tree.

  15. Adult sporophyte (2N) Gametophytes Seedling sporophyte (2N)

  16. LIFE CYCLE ANIMATION http://intro.bio.umb.edu/111-112/112s99Lect/life-cycles.html

  17. USES • Remove CO2 and add O2 to atmosphere • Food and shelter for animals: insects, birds, squirrels, rabbits… • Help control flooding by absorbing rainwater and preventing erosion • Provide 85% of all wood used in building and furniture • Pulp and paper industry uses millions of tonnes annually • Varnishes, turpentine, disinfectants, fuels, medicines (taxol, ephedrine) • Christmas trees

  18. Juniper Berries are used to make different kinds of gin and are also a good diuretic. Diuretic: 1 oz. of Juniper Berries per 1 quart of water is effective for treating dropsy. Because it is a powerful diuretic, PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD NOT USE JUNIPER BERRIES. Promotes Menstruation: Juniper Berries are useful in stimulating uterine muscles and are often used to help start menstruation.

  19. The Cycads (ancient gymnosperms) • Believed to have been the main nourishment for the herbivorous dinosaurs.

  20. Eaten by some indigenous tribes. Tribal people grind and soak the nuts to remove the nerve toxin, which makes it safe to eat. The toxin comes from the blue green algae which live with the roots. People who eat bush meat may also face a health threat, as some of the animals may eat cycad nuts and have toxins in their body fat. It is also believed that the regular consumption of starch from cycads is a factor in causing Lytico-Bodig disease which causes symptoms similar to Parkinson’s and ALS.

  21. WHERE THEY ARE FOUND

  22. The Gingkoes (‘living fossils’) • Only species of its division that has survived

  23. Gingko Biloba Extract • Used to treat: • Alzheimer's & dementia. • Cardiovascular Disease: • 3) Depression, memory and mental performance, reaction times, and dizziness. • 4) Premenstrual syndrome • 5) Vertigo/Equilibrium Disorders  • 4) Tinnitus (ringing in the ear). • 5) Liver Fibrosis: helps to stop the progress of liver disease in people with chromic hepatitis. • 6) Long distance vision in people with macular degeneration. Gingko Nuts Japanese people eat this delicacy.

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