ICT Development and Innovation Growth: Opportunities and Issues

1. ICT Development and Innovation Growth: Opportunities and Issues dr. roger harris roger.harris@rogharris.org

2. APEC Digital Opportunity Centres Workshop, July 10th ~11th, 2012 • To assist in transforming digital divides intodigital opportunities throughout the Asia-Pacific region • Enhance capacity building in ICT byfacilitating access to infrastructure and training programs to women, children, and disadvantaged minorities in APEC communities • Inception in 2004, 89 training centers have been established in 10 Partner Member Economies providing training to over 300,000 people • Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Peru, the Philippines, Russia, Thailand, andVietnam.

3. ICT Growth Opportunities Making the developing world the largest and fastest growing internet market. The world is home to 7 billion people, one third of which are using the Internet Developing countries have increased their share of the world’s total number of Internet users from 44% in 2006, to 62% in 2011. Internet Users 35% Developed Non-users 65% Developing China 37% Other 53% India 10% ITU. The World in 2011, ICT Facts and Figures.

4. Less older people online; everywhere 70% of developing country youngsters, 1.9b people, are not online. ICT Growth Opportunities 3.5 3.0 Not using Internet Using Internet 2.5 66% Billions of people 64% 2.0 77% 70% • Young people quickly adopt ICTs • Huge potential for schools, and public access venues 1.5 1.0 29% 34% 0.5 36% 23% 30% 71% 23% 77% In developing countries, fixed broadband prices dropped by 52.2% between 2008 and 2010. 0.0 Plus, broadband is getting cheaper Under 25 Over 25 Under 25 Over 25 Under 25 Over 25 Developed Developing World ITU. The World in 2011, ICT Facts and Figures.

5. Which amounts to Is Lack of Access to ICTs a Barrier? In Europe, this percent of people never use the Internet 9% 5% Finland Sweden 7% 21% 33% 24% of the 11% Denmark Ireland Lithuania UK 16% 33% 28% Germany Poland Hungary 18% 18% 54% European Union France Austria 41% Romania or 29% 39% Portugal 120 Million people Spain Italy 45% Greece Telecentre Europe/Eurostat

6. How Does Growth in Access Lead to Development?

7. The Consequence of Access for Youths in the USA Kaiser Family Foundation

8. Issues • by default, the advantaged benefit first • use for socialising • use for entertainment • failure to account for these realities keeps the digital divide alive, even after access and training is provided

9. Opportunities • skills • development problems • awareness • access • innovation with icts • radio • mobile phones • computers & Internet

10. Example from Malaysia Population 29m Malaysian Telecentres • 2,489 telecentres • 20-50 visitors per week • Federal ministries • State governments • Universities • Telcos

11. ICTs and Indigenised Development

12. E-Bario Telecentre, Sarawak, Malaysia • Isolated • Fly-in • Poor communications • Development starved • Indigenous • Unique culture • Dwindling population • Supportive diaspora • Telecentre • Satellite internet • Solar power • Multiple awards • Community radio

13. E-Bario: Creating Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples • Understand the socio-economic context • Problems • Aspirations • Opportunities • Introduce ICTs for a purpose • Telecentre for computers and internet • School PC labs • Community radio • Evaluate the outcomes • Rectify, intensify, expand • Propagate successes • Advise national development

14. e-Bario Innovation Village A policy intelligence tool for the management of innovation processes driven by ICT diffusion and usage among a specific disadvantaged group • Community Radio • Aerial Photography • Language preservation • Cultural entertainment • Local news • Call-in debates • Community mapping • Land rights claims • Forestry protection • Environmental • surveillance in the Heart of Borneo • Support policy making and ICT evaluation • Document the diffusion of ICT among stakeholders • Understand the impact of ICT usage • Promote awareness of opportunities for ICT usage • Identify and disseminate good ICT practices • Traditional Botanical Knowledge • Oral Literature • Language preservation • Cultural preservation • Radio broadcasting • Virtual museum • Evidence based management of the information society • Improved public spending effectiveness • Better knowledge exploitation • More effective policy making • Cultural preservation • Intellectual property • rights • Commercial exploitation

15. Multiple Roles for Innovation and Growth Institutions or individuals whose creative acts have transformational effects that result in policies that they favour. Non-neutral, evidence-based advocacy. Take responsibility for outcomes; continuous learning and adaptation, constant and participatory monitoring. 1. Development agents 2. ICT activists Make technology relevant to its context; demand-driven solutions; targeting appropriation. Overcome suboptimal connectivity between relevant actors by; articulating demand, fostering networks, and managing learning processes. 3. Innovation brokers 4. Policy entrepreneurs

16. Lessons – the big ones

17. Malaysian Programme forBridging the Digital Divide • Despite some encouraging instances of positive benefit, there is disappointment at the overall public response to BDD programmes, arising from low awareness and minimal use for socio-economic development • Lack of communication and information sharing among stakeholders resulting in duplicated efforts • BDD Stakeholders play a different role in delivering programmes, but when it comes to collaboration, they may not be clear on their roles and how to contribute in a coordinated manner • Success or failure of BDD Programmes as well as socioeconomic impact could not be ascertain due to the absence of effective performance monitoring framework socio-economic development • The overall increase in socio-economic status of the overall community is not yet visible

18. Indigenous Voices in Asia-PacificIdentifying the Information and CommunicationNeeds of Indigenous Peoples Expand Democratic Space Pilot and/or scale up on-going indigenous media initiatives ISITI doing What’s this? Enhance Indigenous peoples’ capacities for producing media content, and to use new media platforms for democratizing communication production and distribution Share experiences through South -South exchanges Improve media literacy Is ISITI doing this ? Could do more mmmm

19. ICT4ID ISITI and Social Innovation Development that indigenous people themselves devise and implement

20. ISITI and the ICT4IDSocial Innovation Network ISITI

21. Communicating in a Social Innovation Network

22. Identifies our audiences and the messages we want to deliver • Communi- cation Strategy Share with other institutions; recruit them into the network Action Plan National Symposium Encourage individuals to participate. Remove barriers • Community of Practice