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CC11xx range extension and practical range estimation

CC11xx range extension and practical range estimation. Tor-Inge Kvaksrud. Abstract.

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CC11xx range extension and practical range estimation

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  1. CC11xx range extension and practical range estimation Tor-Inge Kvaksrud

  2. Abstract • This presentation address different methods of extending range for LPRF equipment. Advantages and disadvantages is discussed to make the attendee capable of evaluating and selecting the proper solution to the final application. • The second portion address practical range estimation. A model for open field range calculation is presented. Finally range in different common environments are discussed.

  3. Main Topics • Range extension • Matching • LNA • PA • Antenna • Practical range estimates • Open field environment • Indoor environments

  4. Range extension

  5. Transmission budget • Friis equation • PR: Power available from receiving antenna. • PT: Power supplied to the transmitting antenna. • GR: Gain in receiving antenna • GT: Gain in transmitting antenna • λ: Wavelength λ=c/f, c=speed of light, f=frequency.d: Distance [m] • C: Speed of light in complete vacuum 2.99792458*10^8 [m/s] • Sensitivity • The minimum signal power required by receiver to successfully demodulate the received information with less than 1% packet error rate (PER). Normally specified with only thermal noise present.

  6. Transmission budget

  7. Range extension PA switch • 50 Ω reference impedance • extended range • The added complexity TransceiverCC1100 Match/filter PA Filter Single-ended 50 Ω interface

  8. Range extension LNA switch TransceiverCC1100 Match/filter LNA Single-ended 50 Ω interface switch Example CC11xx approximate NF =11dBExternal LNA GAIN G=16dB LNA NF=2.7dB  Total NF=3.3dB Sensitivity improvement (11-3.3)dB=7.67dB this more than doubles original range.

  9. Range extension PA & LNA LNA PA switch switch TransceiverCC1100 Match/filter Filter Single-ended 50 Ω interface Example Transmit power 36dBmExternal LNA GAIN 16dB LNA NF 2.7dBCC1101 sensitivity 1.2kbps -111dBmCC1101 sensitivity improved by LNA -118dBmTotal transmission budget 154dBm Friis’free space atten. over 1400km is about 154dB (Note this is purely a theoretical mathematical example and has no relevance for practical CC1101 applications)

  10. Range extension Antenna

  11. Range extension adoption to requirements • FCC - SRD Regulations • 902 - 928 MHz band • FCC 15.249, Single channel • FCC 15.247, Spread Spectrum • FHSS - Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum • Digital Modulation (e.g. DSSS - Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)

  12. Practical range estimates

  13. Practical range estimates • Practical range estimates • Open field environment • Outdoor environments suitable for practical comparison measurements. • Indoor environments • Typical operational environments for the final productIndoor/outdoor, home, factory, vehicle …….

  14. Practical range estimates open field Transmit antenna GT Transmit antenna GT Direct transmission Receive antenna GR Receive antenna GR H1 H1 H2 Reflected transmission Reflected transmission Θi Θr εr εr d d Reflection law  Θi=Θr

  15. Practical range estimates open field Free space Ground model

  16. Practical range estimates open field

  17. Practical range estimates open field

  18. Environment n std. deviation free space 2.0 Retail store 2.2 8.7 Grocery store 1.8 5.7 Office, hard partitions 3.0 7.0 Office, soft partitions 2.6 14.1 Metalworking factory, line of sight 1.6 5,8 Metalworking factory, obstructed line of sight 3.3 6.8 Data copied from the SWRA046A Application report By Matthew Loy and Iboun Sylla http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/swra046a/swra046a.pdf Practical range estimates Indoor

  19. Practical range estimates example Free space Worst case Office with hard partitions

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