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Session 1 Introduction

Session 1 Introduction. Matakuliah : G0922/Introduction to Linguistics Tahun : 2008. Learning Outcomes. Students will be able to explain the advantages of learning linguistics Students will be able to mention the aspects of languages

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Session 1 Introduction

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  1. Session 1Introduction Matakuliah : G0922/Introduction to Linguistics Tahun : 2008

  2. Learning Outcomes Students will be able to explain the advantages of learning linguistics Students will be able to mention the aspects of languages Students will be able to explain the difference between speech and writing

  3. Material Outline • Definition of Language • Aspects of Language • Language and Medium • Linguistics fields

  4. Language • Definition: • A system of arbitrary sound system used by the members of a social group to work together, communicate one another and to identify themselves.

  5. Aspects of Language 1. Language is a system E.g. I go, she goes, he goes. (subject + verb) 2. Language is a sign system the sign represents something e.g. a pen represents an instrument for writing 3. Language is meaningful It is related to the aspects of the speakers – the world of the speakers – the environment, the nature etc. 4. Language is conventional The sign is understood by the speakers based on their agreement. e.g. sign 4 indicate four not three. 5. Language is a system of sounds 6. Language is arbitrary There is no relationship between the sign and the entity that it points at

  6. Aspects of Language 7. Language is productive A limited number of signs can produce unlimited number of other signs E.g. from a limited alphabet, we can produce unlimited sounds, words and pieces of writings 8. Language is unique Every language has its own characteristics 9. Language is universal Every language has at least one aspect that is the same as other languages E.g. the sounds : a,i,o 10. Language is used for communication 11. Language is used to identify oneself.

  7. Language and medium • The two main mediums of language are speech and writing • Speech : - composed of sounds - make use of intonation, pitch, rhythm, tempo. - Produced effortlessly – no tools required - transitory - perceived by the ear - addressee present - immediate feedback - meaning helped by context, body movement, gestures, - spontaneous - associative

  8. Language and Medium • Writing - composed by letters/signs - makes use of punctuation and other graphological devices such as italics. - produced with effort – tools required - relatively permanent - perceived by the eye - addressee absent - feedback delayed - meaning must be made clear within the context - not spontaneous - logical

  9. Grammatical Aspects of Language • Grammar include everything speakers know about their language • Phonetics : The sounds of language • Phonology : The sound patterns of language • Morphology : The rules of word formation of language • Syntax : The Sentence patterns of Language • Semantics : The system of meaning of Language

  10. Linguistics and other fields • Sociolinguistics : the relation between language and society • Psycholinguistic : the study of language in understanding the human mind (language and psychology) • Translation: the changing of one language to another • Applied linguistics: the ways in which people teach and learn languages

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