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Explore the Reconstruction period post-Civil War, Lincoln's and Johnson's plans, challenges faced by African Americans, amendments, and the impact on society. Learn about Black Codes, Constitutional Amendments, sharecropping, and the Ku Klux Klan.
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RECONSTRUCTION AND ITS EFFECTSCHAPTER 12 MRS. RUIZ
Objectives: • Define Reconstruction • Summarize Lincoln’s 10% Plan and compare it with Johnson’s Plan. • Analyze the challenges faced by African Americans • Summarize causes for the holt of reconstruction.
A. Reconstruction • Period when we rebuild after the Civil War • From 1865-1877 • Leaders had different ideas of how it should be.
B. Lincoln’s 10% Plan • Lincoln wanted a fast and easy return for the south • Gov. Pardon all confederates • Except high ranking officials and war criminals • 10% had to pledge allegiance to the USA • Then they would be allow to return to the union.
C. Critics • Radical Republicans (Thaddeus Stevens) did not agree • Plan was to soft on former slave holders • Plan should give African Americans full citizenship and the Right to vote
D. Johnson’s Plan • Mainly favored high ranking white southerners. • The plan was also soft just like Lincoln • He added that states also had to ratify the 13th amendment. • Believed that whites should control the south
E. Black Codes • Restricted lives of African Americans • Implemented immediately after the Civil War • Free Blacks were not allowed to: Carry weapons, serve on jury, testify against whites, marry whites, travel without papers
F. 13th Constitutional Amendment 1. 13th Amendment. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
G. 14th Constitutional Amendment • 1. . All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
H. 15th Constitutional Amendment 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridge by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition or servitude.
I. Scalawags/Carpetbaggers • Scalawags: used African American vote to gain office and make $ • Carpetbaggers: wanted to take advantage to the situation in the south to make $ • In some cases true but not always
J. Africans and Challenges • Reunification of Families • Education • Churches • Politics • Segregation
K. Sharecropping • Land was divided and given to a worker • At harvest half of the crop was given to the landowner • This was a cycle that never ended. • It was a new form of slavery See page 391
L. Tenant Farmers • Similar to sharecropping • Instead, the worker rented the land with $ • And kept the profit from the crop • This system rarely produced a profit
M. Ku Klux Klan • Social club for confederates in 1866 • Objective: restore white supremacy • by stopping African Americans from exercising their political rights
N. Economic Panic of 1837 • Many borrowed to create businesses in the South. • But could not pay back their loans. • This lead to bank closures and the collapse of the stock market. • This lead to a five year economic depression.
Activity • Read Chapter 12-3 • Take notes • Choose three reasons that lead reconstruction to an end. • Write 3-5 paragraphs explaining # 3 • Make sure to write an introduction, body, and a conclusion • Will be counted as a test grade.
