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Lymphatic & Immune System

Lymphatic & Immune System. Function and Structures of the Lymph System. Two functions of the lymphatic system: Absorb fats and vitamins from digestive system Return waste products and extra fluid to circulatory system Structures of the lymphatic system:

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Lymphatic & Immune System

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  1. Lymphatic & Immune System

  2. Function and Structures of the Lymph System • Two functions of the lymphatic system: • Absorb fats and vitamins from digestive system • Return waste products and extra fluid to circulatory system • Structures of the lymphatic system: • Lymph fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus, lymphocytes See Figures 6.1 and 6.2, p. 106

  3. Structures of the Lymphatic System • Lymph fluid – removes waste from cells, filtered by lymph nodes before re-entering circulatory system • Lymph vessels – have valves, always flow toward the thoracic (chest) cavity • Lymph nodes – location of lymphocyte production; nodes filter lymph fluid of harmful substances; swollen lymph nodes may mean there is a disease process See figure 6.3, p. 107

  4. Structures of the Lymphatic System Tonsils – masses of lymphatic tissuelocated in back of mouth on sides of throat Spleen – filters blood, makes lymphocytes & monocytes, removes old RBC’s Thymus – located above the heart, important in immune and endocrine systems

  5. Pathology of the Lymphatic System • Lymphadenitis - (lymphaden/o + -itis) inflammation of lymph nodes • Lymphadenopathy – (lymphaden/o + -pathy) disease of lymph node • Lymphedema – (lymph/o + -edema) swelling from lymph fluid accumulation • Splenomegaly – (splen/o + -megaly) enlargement of the spleen www.hoslink.com/haematology/splenomegaly.jpg

  6. Function of the Immune System • Function of the Immune System • Protect the body from harmful substances such as microorganisms, allergens, poisons, malignant cells www.cc.utah.edu/.../Resources/contact.jpeg 2. Structures include tonsils & adenoids, bone marrow, appendix, spleen, thymus, skin, lymph nodes and vessels

  7. Defense Mechanisms • First Line of Defense • Skin – barrier against organisms entering the body • Respiratory system – traps inhaled foreign matter, coughing & sneezing helps remove matter • Digestive system – uses acids and enzymes to destroy organisms swallowed or eaten in food • Lymphatic system – fight invaders after they enter body

  8. Types of Immunity • Immune Response – activated when a foreign substance (antigen) enters the body, proteins (antibodies) bind to the antigen to mark it so that other cells in the immune system can destroy the antigen • Types of Immunity • Natural Immunity – passed from mother to fetus before birth • Acquired Immunity – development of antibodies following a disease (ex. chicken pox) • Artificial Immunity – immunity acquired from vaccination (ex. MMR, tetanus, hepatitis, etc…)

  9. Pathology of the Immune System • Pathology of Immune System • Allergic Reaction – overreaction by the body to an antigen (see figure 6.7, p. 111) • Anaphylaxis – severe allergic reaction, can be fatal without rapid treatment • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – bloodborne pathogen that invades and kills cells of the immune system • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) – advanced stage of HIV

  10. Pathogenic Organisms • PathogenicOrganisms (Path/o = disease + genic = creation or reproduction) See figure 6.9, p. 114 • Bacteria – one-celled microscopic organism (ex. Staph or strep) • Fungus – parasitic plant • Yeast – type of fungus http://www.aceium.com/images/fungus.jpg 4. Parasite – plant or animal living in another organism (example malaria) 5. Virus – invade cells, reproduce, and spread to other cells Examples of viruses: chickenpox, mono, measles, rabies

  11. Treatments / Medications • Medications to treat infections • Antibiotics – used to treat bacterial infections (anti = against + bi/o = life + -tic = pertaining to) • Antivirals – used to treat viral infections • Oncology – study of the prevention, cause and treatment of cancer

  12. Tumors • Terms related to tumors: • Neoplasm – new, abnormal tissue formation • Benign – not malignant, favorable recovery • Malignant – harmful, tends to spread, become worse or life threatening • Metastasize – cancer that spreads from one place to another

  13. Cancer • Types of Cancer: • Carcinoma – malignant tumor in the epithelial layer of tissue (carcin = cancerous + -oma = tumor) • Sarcoma – malignant tumor in the connective tissue (sarc- = flesh) • Lymphoma – malignancy in the lymphatic system www.innohepusa.com/.../Lymphomashoulder.jpg 4.Blastoma – malignancy of immature cells (blast = immature)

  14. Cancer Cont’d. • Breast Cancer – malignant tumor that develops from the cells of the breast. • Detection of breast cancer – breast self exam, mammogram, biopsy http://www.alternative-cancer.net/images/cancer%20cell,%20breast.jpg

  15. Cancer Treatments • Cancer Treatments • Surgery – removing the malignancy (tumor) plus some of the surrounding normal tissue • Chemotherapy – use of toxic chemical agent and drugs to destroy malignant cells • Radiation – treatment of cancer through x-rays http://www.srhc.com/services/oncology/image/Clinac.jpg

  16. Career Opportunities • Career Opportunities • Cytotechnologist – laboratory tech who examines cell samples • Lymphedema therapist – provides massage, skin care, bandaging, exercises, etc… to lymphedema patients http://www.ipmr.org/graphics/OTpics/lymphedema1.jpg

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