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CNC TECHNOLOGY

CNC TECHNOLOGY. INTRODUCTION TO CNC AND METAL CUTTING. HISTORY. US Air Force commissioned MIT to develop the first "numerically controlled" machine in 1949. It was demonstrated in 1952. At 1970-1972 first Computer Numeric Control machines were developed.

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CNC TECHNOLOGY

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  1. CNC TECHNOLOGY

  2. INTRODUCTION TO CNC AND METAL CUTTING

  3. HISTORY • US Air Force commissioned MIT to develop the first "numerically controlled" machine in 1949. It was demonstrated in 1952. • At 1970-1972 first Computer Numeric Control machines were developed. • Today, computer numerical control (CNC) machines are found almost everywhere, from small job shops in rural communities to companies in large urban areas.

  4. DEFINITION • In CNC (Computer Numerical Control), the instructions are stored as a program in a micro-computer attached to the machine. The computer will also handle much of the control logic of the machine, making it more adaptable than earlier hard-wired controllers.

  5. CNC APPLICATIONS • Machining 2.5D / 3D Turning ~ Lathes, Turning Centre Milling ~ Machining Centres • Forming 2D Plasma and Laser Cutting Blanking, nibbling and punching 3D Rapid Prototyping

  6. SAMPLE CNC MACHINES

  7. CNC TURNING

  8. CNC MILLING

  9. CNC LASER CUTTING

  10. CNC PLASMA CUTTING

  11. CNC PRESS

  12. CNC RAPID PROTOTYPING

  13. INDUSTRIES MOST AFFECTED by CNC • Aerospace • Machinery • Electrical • Fabrication • Automotive • Instrumentation • Mold making

  14. SAMPLE PRODUCTS OF CNC MANUFACTURING

  15. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRYEngine Block

  16. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY(Cont’d)Different Products

  17. AEROSPACE INDUSTRYAircraft Turbine Machined by 5-Axis CNC Milling Machine

  18. CNC MOLD MAKING

  19. ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY

  20. RAPID PROTOTYPING PRODUCTS

  21. ADVANTAGES OF CNC

  22. Utilization of computers in manufacturing applications has proved to be one of the most significant advantages & developments over the last couple of decades in helping to improve the productivity and efficiency of manufacturing systems.

  23. ADVANTAGES of CNC • Productivity Machine utilisation is increased because more time is spent cutting and less time is taken by positioning. Reduced setup time increases utilisation too.

  24. PROFIT increases as COST decreases and as PRODUCTIVITY increases.PRODUCTIVITY through AUTOMATION

  25. AUTOMATION any means of helping the workers to perform their tasks more efficiently transfer of the skill of the operator to the machine

  26. EFFICIENCY OF MANUFACTURING COST = COST OF MANUFACTURING AND COST OF MATERIAL HANDLING PRODUCTIVITY = AVERAGE OUTPUT PER MAN-HOUR PROFIT = INCOME - COST

  27. ADVANTAGES of CNC • Quality Parts are more accurate. Parts are more repeatable. Less waste due to scrap.

  28. ADVANTAGES of CNC • Reduced inventory Reduced setup time permits smaller economic batch quantities. Lower lead time allows lower stock levels. Lower stock levels reduce interest charges and working capital requirements.

  29. ADVANTAGES of CNC • Machining Complex shapes Slide movements under computer control. Computer controller can calculate steps. First NC machine built 1951 at MIT for aircraft skin milling.

  30. ADVANTAGES of CNC • Management Control CNC leads to CAD Process planning Production planning

  31. DRAWBACKS of CNC • High capital cost Machine tools cost $30,000 - $1,500,000 • Retraining and recruitment of staff • New support facilities • High maintenance requirements • Not cost-effective for low-level production on simple parts • As geometric complexity or volume increases CNC becomes more economical • Maintenance personnel must have both mechanical and electronics expertise

  32. FUNDAMENTAL OF METAL CUTTING

  33. The metal cutting operations (also called machining) is one of the most important manufacturing processes in industry today (as it was yesterday).

  34. MACHINING IS THE REMOVAL OF MATERIALS IN FORMS OF CHIPS FROM THE WORKPIECE BY SHEARING WITH A SHARP TOOL.

  35. The main function of a machine tool is to control the workpiece-cutting tool positional relationship in such a way as to achieve a desired geometric shape of the workpiece with sufficient dimensional accuracy.

  36. Machine tool provides: • work holding • tool holding • relative motion between tool and workpiece • primary motion • secondary motion

  37. Primary motion

  38. CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHIP REMOVING METHODS ACCORDING TO THE RELATIVE MOTION

  39. CLASSIFICATION OF MACHINE TOOLS

  40. BASIC COMPONENTS OF CNC SYSTEMS

  41. ISO MACHINE TOOL AXIS DEFINITION

  42. ISO MACHINE TOOL AXES DEFINITIONS

  43. RIGHT HAND RULEVertical Machine Horizontal Machine

  44. STANDARD LATHE COORDINATE SYSTEM

  45. STANDARD MILLING MACHINECOORDINATE SYSTEM

  46. NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINE TOOLS:An NC machine tool is functionally the same as a conventional machine tool. The technological capabilities NC machine tools in terms of machining are no different from those of conventional ones. The difference is in the way in which the various machine functions and slide movements are controlled.

  47. The functions and motions such as;turning the spindle on and offsetting cutting speedssetting feed rateturning coolant on and offmoving tool with respect to workpieceare performed by Machine Control Unit (MCU) in NC machine tools.

  48. MACHINE TOOL AUTOMATION

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