Solid Waste Management

1. Solid Waste Management

2. Waste- Definition & Classification Any material which is not needed by the owner, producer or processor. Classification • Domestic waste • Factory waste • Waste from oil factory • E-waste • Construction waste • Agricultural waste • Food processing waste • Bio-medical waste • Nuclear waste

3. Solid Waste

4. Classification of Wastes • Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household waste etc. • E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc. • Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants • Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc. • Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc. • Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants

5. Solid Waste in India • 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste • One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year • Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes • In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year, which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas. Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

6. Growth of Solid Waste In India • Waste is growing by leaps & bounds • In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2 million to 12.3 million • During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67% • Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities • City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on hygienic condition of the city Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi

7. Waste Collection in India • Primarily by the city municipality -No gradation of waste product eg bio-degradable, glasses, polybags, paper shreds etc -Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts • Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers) -Collecting small iron pieces by magnets -Collecting glass bottles -Collecting paper for recycling • MCD- Sophisticated DWM (Delhi Waste Management) vehicle

8. How solid waste affected us in recent years? • Cloudburst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage line due to large no. of plastic bags • Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused due to imported scrap from Iran • Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to consumption of contaminated foods • Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the food movement in their stomach

9. Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site • Industrialised countries have waste management problems • Developed countries have strict environment regulation norms • Most attractive option for them- to dump into developing countries

10. Philadelphia’s Municipal Waste • 16 years journey for the cargo ship to eleven countries and four continents • 25,000 tonnes of flyash came back to Philadelphia’s garbage dump • Several government refused cargo ships • In 2002, Cargo ship returned back to US

11. Major Polluting Industries in India • Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24 million cu m of waste water containing high level of dissolved solids and 4,00,000 tonnes of hazardous solid waste • 300 distilleries discharge 26 million kilo-litres of spend wash per year containing several pollutants • Thermal power plants discharge huge waste materials

12. Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials

13. Managing Waste Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms. Benefits of recycling: -Reduce environmental degradation -Making money out of waste -Save energy that would have gone into waste handling & product manufacture Saving through recycling: -When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost -Making paper from waste saves 50% energy -Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to 100 litres of oil

14. Recycling not a solution to all problems! Recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material For many items recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.

15. Solution: More Profit With Zero Waste • Exchanging output that are considered waste • Waste of one could be input or raw material for others • Evolving a closed system- matter & energy circulate within • System was not designed to be so • The system of exchange evolved in 10 years

16. Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste • Education & voluntary compliance • Collection of waste • Technological interventions • Institutions & regulatory framework • Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction • Market action for waste reduction Source: The Energy & Resources Institute

17. TERI Projections on Waste Generation In India

18. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/ghost-ship-121205http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/ghost-ship-121205 French aircraft carrier Clemenceau

19. French aircraft carrier Clemenceau • December 12, 2005, Clemenceau, Ghost ship nobody wants • 27,000-ton warship full of asbestos, PCBs, lead, mercury, and other toxic chemicals • Indian scrapyard of Alang (Bhavnagar district, Gujarat) , a place where environmental regulations are lax and workers' rights are practically nonexistant • In most shipbreaking nations proper waste management is absent. There are no rules and regulations. And where rules exist, they're unlikely to be enforced. • Basel Convention (1989) is an international treaty which prohibits the export of hazardous waste from rich to poor countries • Greenpeace raised awareness campaigned against the ship in India as well as in France • French President Chirac has announced a dramatic recall of the asbestos-laden warship Clemenceau

20. References • Environmental Studies -R Rajagopalan • www.greenpeace.org • www.teri.res.in

21. Presentation By Group 13 • Praful Ranjan Roll No.-28 • Rajat Kumar Roll No.-33 • Rakesh Panda Roll No.-34 • Rohit Arya Roll No.-40