Entering the world stage

1. Entering the world stage The Lure of Imperialism

2. Imperialist Activity • Imperialism – the extension of a nation’s power over other lands • By late 1800’s Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Japan – all imperialist • In Africa, Asia, Latin America

3. Factors of Imperialism • Economic - IR brought great prosperity – countries needed new places to invest, new customers, raw materials • Military – industrialized nations – strong navies – needed bases • Ideology – two popular ideologies • Nationalism – love of one’s country – expansion would strengthen national prestige and power • Cultural superiority – Africa, Asia, Latin America – less industry – seemed “backward” – it was industrial nations’ “duty” to civilize them

4. Scramble for Territory • Late 1800’s British controlled ¼ of the world’s land and population • Germany, France, Japan, France also controlled large areas • Many in U.S. believed it was our time to claim our own territories

5. Hawaii – Early Contact • Hawaii – middle of the Pacific – ideal for coaling stations, naval bases • 1820’s U.S. ships began to bring traders and missionaries • Missionaries began to settle down, raise families, crops – primarily sugarcane • Also brought disease – population decline • 1770’s – 300,000 • 1893 – 40,000

6. Sugar interests • Americans had a sweet tooth – sugar planters became very rich; began importing workers from Asia • Kalakaua becomes king in 1874 – resented the Americans • American businessmen form the Hawaiian League to take over Hawaii • July 1887 they force Kalakaua to sign bayonet constitution • Deprived Hawaiians of the vote • Gave Pearl Harbor to Americans • sugar planters began talks with U.S. officials about annexation of Hawaii

7. End of the Monarchy • Kalakaua died in 1891 – sister Kiliuokalanibecomes queen – Hawaiian nationalist • American businessmen plot to overthrow her • American minister to Hawaii orders marines ashore – aimed machine guns and cannons at royal palace • Kiliuokalani surrenders Jan. 17, 1893 • Rebels form new regime under Sanford B. Dole • American minister recognizes Republic of Hawaii and pronounces Hawaii under U.S. protection

8. Annexation • President Grover Cleveland orders a treaty to annex the islands be put on hold and brings investigation • Report condemned the revolt; proposed to restore queen to the throne; Cleveland agreed; Dole refuses to step down • When McKinley takes office, he wants annexation • Congress narrowly votes approval in 1898 • Hawaii becomes American territory, and 50th state in 1959

9. Influence in China • 1895 japan seized Liaotung Peninsula and island of Taiwan • Russia, France, Britain, Germany – carved out spheres of influence • 1899 U.S. Secretary of State John Hay proposes Open Door Policy – which would give all nations equal trading rights in China • Antiforeigner sentiment grew – group called Boxers laid siege to Beijing in protest – Boxer Rebellion • Western countries rushed 20,000 troops to put down rebellion – China signed humbling agreement in Sept. 1901 • Increased support for Open Door Policy

10. Influence in Japan • Japan had been isolationist until it seized Taiwan in 1895 • Mid-1800’s U.S. forces Japan to open ports to trade; 1853 fleet of four ships demonstrates strength in Edo Bay – Japan not yet industrialized • Japan knew it had to industrialize; did so and also built strong military • Japan and Russia both wanted Korea and Manchuria– leads to Russo-Japanese War • Japan victorious – now strongest nation in East Asia • Becomes rival to U.S. in China and Pacific