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Chapter 13 AND 14 INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT DECISIONS. PRODUCT COMPONENTS. SUPPORT SERVICES COMPONENT. PACKAGING COMPONENT. Repair and maintenance. Deliveries. CORE COMPONENT. Trademark. Price. Installation. Warranty. Product platform Design features
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PRODUCT COMPONENTS SUPPORT SERVICESCOMPONENT PACKAGING COMPONENT Repair and maintenance Deliveries CORE COMPONENT Trademark Price Installation Warranty Product platform Design features Functional features Legal Quality Brand name Package Spare parts Instructions Styling Other related services
S-A MODEL • Planning involves 4 Ps • Standardization Adaptation Debate and Continuum Standardization_____________________Adaptation Product 5______4______3______2______1 Price 5______4______3______2______1 Promotion 5______4______3______2______1 Distribution 5______4______3______2______1 Planning 5______4______3______2______1 • Factors favoring Standardization or Adaptation
GLOBAL PRODUCT ISSUES • Core vs. augmented product, how global competition changed • How price and quality affect competition • Is quality cultural dependent? • ISO 9000/ISO 14000 • Products and Culture • Services in global marketing • Service opportunities in global markets • Protectionism in service marketing • Restrictions on dataflow • Protection of intellectual property • Cultural barriers and adaptation
GLOBAL PRODUCT ISSUES…contd. • Global/national brands—successful? • Country of Origin (COO) effects • Green Marketing • B2B Marketing • Demand in Global B2B-growing very fast, derived demand • Stages of Economic Development-how it affects the demand and growth of the B2B products (Use Rostow’s classification) • Level of Technology in a country-how it affects demand • www.alibaba.com
GLOBAL PRODUCT ISSUES…contd. • How price and quality affect competition • Is quality cultural dependent? Defined by the buyer? • International Quality Standard-ISO 9000/ISO 14000 • After sales services are demanded too • Products and Culture • International Trade Shows-crucial for B2B marketing • Online trade fairs- www.itradefair.com • Online B2B example: www.alibaba.com • Relationship marketing in B2B • Solar Turbines Inc. example
MANAGING PRODUCTS IN GLOBAL MARKETS • Global product mix: item, line, width and depth • Optimum product mix • Global branding issues: Global vs. National • Product innovation and diffusion in global markets • Managing global innovations and R&D • Managing diffusions
OPTIMUM PRODUCT MIX OF A COMPANY DEPENDS ON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS • Level of market/economic development • Sales/Profit • Competition • Market characteristics • Product characteristics • Legal considerations
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTS INFLUENCING DIFFUSION/ADOPTION • Relative advantage(over existing products) • Compatibility(with existing products, values etc.) • Complexity(perceived difficulty in use) • Trialability(perceived economic or social risk) • Observability(visibility of product benefits / advantages)
DIFFUSION MODEL: BASS (1969) S(T) = p m + (q - p) Y(T) – q/m [Y (T)]2where, S(T) = Sales at time T p = Coefficient of innovation m = Coefficient of imitation Y(T) = Number of previous buyers
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS • Explain how culture affects product decisions. • Discuss the role of branding in global marketing. Do “country of origin” influence branding? Explain. • What is optimum product mix? What factors affect optimum product decisions? • Explain how various characteristics of the product affect innovation/diffusion process. • Discuss B2B marketing. Explain its role, practice, and influence in global marketing.