Consultation on sustainable sanitation 9 th September 2009 Bangalore

1. Consultation on sustainable sanitation9th September 2009Bangalore Water and Sanitation Program – South Asia (WSP-SA) New Delhi, India mkullappa@worldbank.org

2. Increasing Coverage in toilet construction….. But is usage also increasing?

3. NGP Awards 2005: a slow beginning Source: Govt. of India, Dept. of Drinking Water Supply <http://ddws.nic.in/TSC/crsp/TSCPhy_st.asp?Form=ALL> Accessed 6 May 2007. Note: Does not include institutional households.

5. Evidence shows that…..

6. Performance vs toilet Subsidy

7. So, What to focus? Focus on OUTCOME which is ‘stopping open defecation ’ and educating the entire community of safe and hygienic sanitation behavior X Construction of toilets ODF Community √

8. Challenges • Slippage • Focus on hard ware/ Out puts • Weak institutions • Weak M&E • Lack of capacities

9. Focus on Outcomes for the Entire Community • Focus on outcomes and not on hardware inputs, • Mobilise the community rather than establishing household contacts alone • Empower and strengthen the PRIs • Reward the collective community action & outcomes • Strengthen the M&E systems • Technology options to sit local situation

10. Incentives/reward for achievement – creative use of subsidy Subsidy given as incentive to Community / Individuals Village becomes Open Defecation Free Village becomes Nirmal (ODF + Solid/Liquid WM) Nirmal Gram Puraskar Village strives for Nirmal ++ State Reward Scheme

11. State Sanitation Rewards Program: A Tool to Scale-up and Sustain Sanitation

12. What is a state sanitation rewards program? • Annual competition between different PRI levels – Gram Panchayat, block, district – to be recognized as the ‘cleanest’ • Motivates PRIs to go beyond ODF and address total sanitation • Rewards achievement of collective outcomes • Government is a facilitator and monitor at all levels but community plays the main role

13. How does a State Rewards Program differ from NGP? • Both NGP and state rewards program are an incentive to accelerate TSC by motivating Gram Panchayats • However, there are some differences: • NGP is given by Govt. of India but state rewards are given by respective state governments • NGP is one-time reward but state rewards program is an annual competition • NGP monitoring is by external third-party organizations. State rewards program teams are constituted from within the state at different levels but each block/district is verified by another block/district • NGP incentive amount is population based but state sanitation rewards program incentive is based on level of competition

14. What are the advantages of a state sanitation rewards program? • Annual competition motivates PRIs to sustain and improve sanitation outcomes • Tremendous IEC success, raises the profile of both sanitation and winners • Generates stiff competition at all levels • Creates peer pressure on neighboring Panchayats, blocks, districts within a state • Strengthens the capacity of local institutions

15. Which states have introduced such a rewards program?

16. What are the main elements of a state rewards program? • Competition is held at different levels – block, district, division, state • Winners at each level are eligible to participate in next higher level e.g. block winners participate in district competition, district winners at state level • Verification is based on same criteria at all levels • Verification at each level is undertaken by a team from outside the area i.e. each block/district is assessed by a team from another block/district on non-reciprocal basis • Winners are recognized by senior dignitaries and receive a cash prize

17. Thank you for your attention mkullappa@worldbank.org Contact: 0 9848159046