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Losing a Baby. Miscarriage: before 20 weeks Stillbirth: after 20 weeks. Birth Defects. Serious problems that threaten health or ability to live Some mild some lifelong disabilties 3 of every 100 children born in U.S have a birth defect Not all are apparent at birth. Environmental.
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Losing a Baby • Miscarriage: before 20 weeks • Stillbirth: after 20 weeks
Birth Defects • Serious problems that threaten health or ability to live • Some mild some lifelong disabilties • 3 of every 100 children born in U.S have a birth defect • Not all are apparent at birth
Environmental • First few weeks baby depends on mother for nourishment and oxygen. • Balanced diet • Disease/infection of mother • Harmful substances • Medicines • Exposure to hazards
Hereditary • 5-6 recessive genes are imperfect in person • Single copy will have no effect but both parents may pass on recessive gene • Chromosome errors: could have too few or too many • Down syndrome: one child in 800 births
Prenatal Tests • Ultrasound: sound waves to make video image. Skeletal/organ defects detected • Amniocentesis: withdrawal sample of amniotic fluid using needle. 1 in every 200 women have a miscarriage • Chorionic villi sampling: small amounts of tissue from membrane. Small tube entered through vagina into uterus, tissue sampled. Very risky