AIDV CONFERENCE NEWS ON WINE AND VINE LEGAL ASPECTS 8 March 2008

1. “The OIV and Climate Change” AIDV CONFERENCE NEWS ON WINE AND VINE LEGAL ASPECTS 8 March 2008

2. International Organisation of Vine and Wine Intergovernmental organisation created by the Agreement of 3 April 2001

3. Member States of the OIV 43 Member States 4 Observer States 1 Region Observer (*) Finland Norway Sweden Spain France Italy Ireland Portugal Germany Austria Belgium Cyprus Croatia Greece Luxemburg FYR Macedonia Malta Netherlands Switzerland Serbia Montenegro Bulgaria Hungary Georgia Moldova Romania Czech Rep. Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine Russia Municipality of Yantai (China)* Morocco Algeria Tunisia Mexico Turkey Lebanon Israel Peru Uruguay Argentina Brazil Bolivia Chile Australia South Africa New Zealand International Organisation of Vine and Wine – 1st January 2004

4. NGO Observers of the OIV • Association Internationale des Juristes pour le Droit de la Vigne et du Vin (AIDV) • Académie Amorim Internationale • Fédération Mondiale des Grands Concours Internationaux des Vins et Spiritueux (VINOFED) • Société des Alcools du Québec (SAQ) • Association Universitaire Internationale du Vin et des Produits de la Vigne (AUIV) • Union Internationale des Oenologues (UIOE) • Association de la Sommellerie Internationale (ASI) • Fédération Internationale des Vins et Spiritueux (FIVS) • Assembly of Wine-Producing European Regions (AREV) • Centre d’Études et de Recherches sur la Viticulture de Montagne (Cervim) • International Nurseries Association

5. Objectives - OIV • a) to inform its members of measures whereby the concerns of producers, consumers and other players in the vine and wine products sector may be taken into consideration; • b) to assist other international organisations, both intergovernmental and non-governmental, especially those which carry out standardisation activities; • c) to contribute to international harmonisation of existing practices and standards and, as necessary, to the preparation of new international standards in order to improve the conditions for producing and marketing vine and wine products, and to help ensure that the interests of consumers are taken into account.

6. Observed Growing Season Average Temperature Anomalies (Jones, 2005a)

7. Grapevine Maturity Groupings by Temperature Range (Jones, 2006)

8. Earlier rapid maturity and shorter, “compressed” harvests Predictability and reliability of harvests Modified chemical composition and aroma/flavour characteristics; adjustments to composition (especially pH) Harvest under warmer ambient conditions; fruit condition and spoilage risk Higher alcohol potential; grape maturity, yeast selection Access to skilled, committed labour or effective mechanisation alternatives Style/Typicity Impact; potentially severe! Key Impacts of Temperature Increase

9. ORGANISATION CHART FOR THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION Viticultural environment and climate change Genetic resources and vine selection Vine protection Management and innovation of viticultural techniques Technology Microbiology Specifications of oenological Products Commission I VITICULTURE Commission II OENOLOGY Sub Commission Table grapes, raisins and unfermented grape products SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Sub Commission Methods of analysis CST special project for collecting statistical data Commission III ECONOMY AND LAW Commission IV SAFETY AND HEALTH Proyecto especial CST para la recogida de información estadística Food safety Training Law and consumer information Economic and situational analysis Markets and consumption Consumption, nutrition and health Vitiviniculturalspirituous beverages Ad hoc group Sustainable management systems Ad hoc group Traceability Ad hoc group Prediction and management of grape and must composition Ad hoc group Cartography

10. OIV works related to climate change influence

11. Observation of climatic change influences in the vitivinicultural sector 14 October 2005 OIV Strategic Plan 2005 – 2008 Adopted by the OIV Extraordinary General Assemblyon 14 October 2005 Analysis Adaptation techniques Consequences Sustainable Production

12. OIV Strategic Plan 2005-2008 Viticultural environments, ecophysiological and soil/climate influence and sustainable viticulture

13. OIV Strategic Plan 2005-2008 Viticultural environments, ecophysiological and soil/climate influence and sustainable viticulture

14. OIV Works under the Strategic Plan vision

15. “OIV and Climate Change” (document index)

16. Future Work Structure Definition of climatic scenarios Consequences in oenology Consequences in viticulture Adaptation techniques Adaptation techniques Socio-economic consequences A new World-Wine Scenario?

17. Foresight and planning Leadership---both public and private Investment---intellectual, social and fiscal R&D, Education and Training, Innovation Scenario modellling Consistent Measurement, Monitoring, Reporting e.g. Carbon accounts Economic and social adjustment; legal and regulatory implications Communications and retention of confidence Producers Customers Consumers Public What then for innovation and adaptation to new scenarios?

18. The perennial plant Vitis species, underpinning our sector, demonstrates considerable Plasticity in response to environmental stress; albeit variable between varieties A considerable range of biodiversity Clone within variety; somewhat limited? Variety, but may not be permitted! Rootstock/scion combinations Plasticity, adaptability, resilience:Biophysical (1)

19. Scope to adapt growing techniques and regions, potentially challenging norms, AOs, DOs, GIs etc latitude altitude viticultural practice; irrigation, canopy, row orientation Adapted and innovative processing techniques code and regulatory implications Plasticity, adaptability, resilience:Biophysical (2)

20. Timely, orderly management will be critical in determining sustainability and for retaining viability of the sector In approaching the challenges, what is the comparative plasticity, adaptability and resilience of the human operator societal institutions customers and consumers? Plasticity, adaptability, resilience:Human Factors

21. This will require preemptive and active balance of management, technical and regulatory innovations to allow effective functioning of the sector, rather than a belated uncoordinated recuperative action. Which, in turn, will need strategic investment in technical, social and economic R&D support and promotion by very well informed leaders and executive management within the public and commercial sector Optimal adaptation to climate change

22. Significant private-public belief in the consequences of climate change, and Substantial intellectual and fiscal investment to assigned to collaboratively researching and managing outcomes Considerable effort applied to transparent, consistent engagement and communication with all “stakeholders” Retention of belief/avoidance of “trend weariness” A preemptive active approach requires

23. Efficiency and effectiveness of natural resource use should be a core criterion when making long -term regional and site selection decisions Production ,sales and marketing should be directly guided by realistic demand projections for type, style and price-point for the overall benefit and margin for the sector Supply-Demand Balance

24. Regional development planning and resource allocation between environmental and assorted, often competing, production objectives Potentially greater environmental and related abiotic and biological stresses arising from extended ranges offered to diseases and pest organisms Social equity and longer-term sustainability issues: Natural resources

25. Implications for the presentation, marketing and consumer acceptance of wine products of long established, often regionally identified, style and character under severely modified production environments Responses required in the laws, regulations and protocols to enable adaptation of processes to changing and more variable production conditions Social equity and longer-term sustainability issues:Consumer and Regulatory

26. Competition between Urban and Rural Communities for access to water and other resources Differing Agricultural, Industrial and Environmental objectives in natural resource allocation Challenging infrastructure investment and development choices Social equity and longer-term sustainability issues: Regional Planning, Resources Allocation & Management

27. Earlier rapid maturity and shorter, “compressed” harvests Predictability and reliability of harvests Modified chemical composition and flavour characteristics; adjustments to composition (especially pH) Harvest under warmer ambient conditions; fruit condition and spoilage risk Higher alcohol potential; grape maturity, yeast selection Access to skilled, committed labour or effective mechanisation alternatives for shorter harvests Production Systems, Economics, Logistics and Practices (I)

28. Impacts on capital investment, operating overheads/efficiencies and access to infrastructural support include pressures on Harvest rates, transport and roads, winery intake and throughput Fermentation temperature management; refrigeration capacity and peak loads Resource use efficiency and recovery An attitude of “dynamic management”—season by season, week by week! Production Systems, Economics, Logistics and Practices (II)

29. Product quality and integrity implying consistency in variety, basic style (aroma, flavour, structure) and composition An optimised matching of production processes to regional and site characteristics, evolved through time and experience An association between product designation, region and production systems often codified by statute (AOC, DOC, German Wine Law etc.) A benign, or at least relatively environmentally friendly production process The regulatory, industry protocol and promotional assurances of origin, quality, integrity and sustainability communicated to the public, customers and consumers Impacts on Public Perception and Market Image (I)

30. Absolute temperature changes and heightened seasonal variability go to the heart of consistency, style or “typicity” This will require significant adaptation and innovation in production systems and processes zonal or regional descriptors attendant protocols and regulations customer and consumer education and communication Impacts on Public Perception and Market Image (II)

31. A significant literature surrounds crisis and change management in communities, including the reality that the community must understand and accept that a crisis is real or impending prior to accepting a need for change This offers both a challenge and an opportunity for effective engagement at a regional and industry level Need for adaptation to differing histories and cultures Regional Social and Economic Development and Adaptation

32. Clear leadership will be required from industry and government in making a firm commitment to; Transparent and rigorous analysis of the national and regional impacts of climate change in its diverse manifestations---technical, environmental, social and economic Communication of alternative scenarios and candidate responses is made Appropriate legal and regulatory change recognising a need for more adaptable management Legal and Regulatory Adaptation

33. The wine sector should Accept the opportunity for to demonstrate leadership in analysing, evaluating and communicating realistic options for adaptation to climate change Engage “captains of industry”, and public policy makers at the outset Avoid simply leaving the scientists, technocrats and NGOs to debate the issue in a “commercial-commitment vacuum” Concluding; “How can all these objectives be achieved?”

34. Allocate significant resources---social, intellectual and capital---in conjunction with public and NGO investment via Forums such as this and more focused national and regional workshops to define candidate scenarios and suggested adaptive responses, specific to local situations and OIV is also active, and hopefully acting in anticipation of developments! Finally