The Difference between a Tax credit vs. Tax Deduction

2. The Difference between aTax credit vs. Tax Deduction Tax Credit Tax Deduction > Credit = dollar for dollar reduction in the amount of taxes paid Deduction = income on which you do not pay tax Black Line Group – Confidential

3. What is the R&D Tax Credit? • A tax incentive provided by the U.S. government to encourage businesses to invest in activities within the U.S. that will provide for product and process improvements and/or the introduction of new products or processes Applicable to C-Corps, S-Corps, LLC’s Partnerships, Sole Proprietorships and Joint Ventures Black Line Group – Confidential

4. History of the R&D Tax Credit • R&D Tax Credit has a history over 32 years • Used by the majority of Fortune 1000 companies • Much legislative activity The tax credit is a valid tax planning opportunity which is permitted under IRC §41 and §174. Black Line Group – Confidential

5. An opportunity there for the asking It is estimated that the amount of credits claimed by businesses each year has risen to nearly $8 billion Black Line Group – Confidential

6. Where is the R&D? Qualified R&D spending takes place in many areas within a business, not just an R&D or Engineering department Black Line Group – Confidential

7. Get credit for yourinvestment in your business R&D spending includes: • Internal labor (i.e. salaries, wages, bonus) • Direct research • Direct supervision of research • Directsupportof research • Supply costs (prototype costs, lab supplies, etc.) • External labor (contractor payments) if: • Payment is contingent on success (fixed price) • Rights are retained as to the R&D Black Line Group – Confidential

8. Activities that are R&D Friendly To qualify as a legitimate R&D activity, it must be: • Conducted for a permitted purpose • Intended to resolve technological uncertainties • Involve a process of experimentation • Use a permitted science Any new OR improved product, process or software development initiative has potential for R&D tax credit qualification Black Line Group – Confidential

9. 1st R&D Test for Qualification Permitted Purpose Test: “What is the goal of this project?” EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT Black Line Group – Confidential

10. 2nd R&D Test for Qualification Technological Uncertainty Test: “What is not known at the outset of the project?” Black Line Group – Confidential

11. 3rd R&D Test for Qualification Process of Experimentation Test: “What was done to eliminate the uncertainties?” FAILURE IS REWARDED Black Line Group – Confidential

12. 4th R&D Test for Qualification Technical in Nature Test: “What science is being relied upon as you perform the activity?” Black Line Group – Confidential

13. Case Study #1 Custom Spring and Stamping $70,000+ Total Federal Credits since 2010 $100,000+ Total State Credits since 2010 • Goal- To develop a very small tab in a very small tube (.028" diameter) used within a medical device, and an inspection system to view the forming • Technical uncertainty- Could engineers develop a tab small enough to meet customer requirements? How should the tube be handled in order to maintain its shape? • Experimentation- Technical personnel evaluated whether current development techniques could be used to form tab. Current tools were unsuccessful since the tab could not be made small enough for tube. Engineers had to design and build a custom fixture that allowed tube to be held and rotated into proper position and then design and build a tool that would fit the tab. The tube is slightly magnetic so technical personnel tried using slight magnetism to pick up and orient the part but this proved to be unreliable and slow. Standard tweezers caused the part to deform. Ultimately, engineers had to develop custom tweezers to handle the tube Black Line Group – Confidential

14. Case Study #2 Precision Spring and Wire Form Manufacturer $22,000+ Federal Tax Credits Identified $23,000+ State Tax Credits Identified $325,000+ Total Credits Identified • Goal-To develop a bi-foldable door hinge that can contract and expand within a 150º range. The hinge needed to meet functionality and quality requirements • Technical uncertainty-How to create a reliable manufacturing process for the double body spring configuration. The process required several steps and it was unsure if the material would flow correctly • Experimentation-Tested different design dimensions for the spring, including diameter, weight of material, as well as fixture designs Black Line Group – Confidential

15. Case Study #3 Precision Metal Fabricator $82,000+ 2012 Federal Tax Credits Identified $86,000+ 2012 State Tax Credits Identified $493,000+ Total Credits Identified • Goal- To develop a fixture to mimic bolts and mounting surfaces of car to help reduce false failures during the inspection process • Technical uncertainty- What design and materials could be used for the fixture so the it reduced testing times while meeting performance and quality requirements • Experimentation- Evaluated alternative designs, materials, positions and rotated measurements until a solution was discovered Black Line Group – Confidential

16. Case Study #4 Precision Metal Fabricator $44,000+ 2012 Federal Tax Credits Identified $56,000+ 2012 State Tax Credits Identified • Goal- To develop new tooling that could withstand extreme stamping pressures while generating a part with the correct flatness necessary to meet quality requirements • Technical uncertainty- What design could be used to generate the correct flatness and dimensions necessary for successful sealing on the assembly • Experimentation- Evaluated alternative designs and materials, specifically improving the counterbore of the tooling where the die roll is activated Black Line Group – Confidential

17. Case Study #5 Precision Metal Fabricator $69,000+ 2012 Federal Tax Credits Identified $212,000+ Total Federal and State Tax Credits Identified • Goal- To develop a component that would meet weight and crash/safety requirements for the automotive industry • Technical uncertainty- How to manufacture the part from a two piece welded assembly, using various fastener combinations so that customer and hydro form specifications were achieved • Experimentation- Evaluated alternative designs and materials, specifically experimenting with the hydro form wall thicknesses until a product was produced that met quality and functionality requirements Black Line Group – Confidential

18. Case Study #6 Metal Stamping and Fabrication $46,000+ Federal Credits Identified for 2012 $161,000+ Total Credits Identified • Goal- To improve the functionality, performance and design for an electrical vehicle motor • Technical uncertainty- What materials and tool designs could be used to manufacture an interlocked mechanism that was revolutionary to the industry • Experimentation- Evaluated different design placements of the interlock tool, including a double interlock, an additional path of interlocks and inserting a double end lamination. Each design was assessed until the most efficient and uniform one was discovered Black Line Group – Confidential

19. Case Study #7 Metal Stamping/Tooling/Component Manufacturer $52,000+ 2012 Federal Tax Credits Identified $12,000+ 2012 State Tax Credits Identified $264,000+ Total Federal and State Tax Credits Identified • Goal- To develop a new product for the coal mining industry that would be functional in high stress environments while meeting quality and durability requirements • Technical uncertainty- Unsure of where the bolt preload force could be applied in order to exceed industry standards to make a superior product over ones currently on the market • Experimentation- Evaluated durability and the point of onset buckling on different designs and models until a solution was discovered Black Line Group – Confidential

20. Case Study #8 Metal Stamping / Molding Manufacturer $266,000 + Federal & State Tax Credits for 2012 $1,798,000 + Total Tax Credits Identified • Goal-To develop and manufacture a part using stamping techniques that use a staging bar method to deliver a zero defect part • Technical uncertainty-The company was technically challenged with designing and molding the part at an elevated 300 degree F temperature. They were also unsure what design would meet a 45 second cycle time within the quality requirements set forth by the customer • Experimentation-They evaluated alternate loading methods, including possibly automating the process. Alternative stamping methods and mold and press timing was evaluated in order to determine how to meet the correct temperature and design requirements Black Line Group – Confidential

21. If you can answer YES to these…. • Do you have an R&D, product development or design department? • Do you provide design, engineering, or testing services to your customers? • Are you manufacturing a product or in the business of software/technology development? • Have you recently applied for and/or received patents? Black Line Group – Confidential

22. Examples of “Qualifying Activities” • Develop new, improved or more reliable products, processes or formulas • Develop prototypes and models including computer generated models • Design tools, jigs, molds and dies • Develop or apply for patents • Perform certification testing • Conduct testing of new concepts and technology • Develop new technology • Attempt using new materials • Perform environmental testing • Add new equipment • Automate/streamline production process or manufacturing process • Develop software or hardware • Improve or build new manufacturing facilities Black Line Group – Confidential

23. What We Need To Determine If the company can generate a meaningful R&D Tax Credit If and when the credits can be used Can you document your Qualified Research Expenditures Black Line Group – Confidential

24. Maximizing the R&D Tax Credit Who has the expertise to maximize the R&D tax credit? • Calculation vs. Study Approach • Educate company/employees about definition of R&D • Identify ALL Amounts for the Form 6765 • Documentation of the activities and costs that go onto the Form 6765 • Most CPAs do not to specialize in the R&D Tax Credit • R&D Firms Partner with your existing CPA firm Black Line Group – Confidential

25. Legislative Guidance LEGISLATION: • Credit has always been included in temporary tax bills and has expired and been extended 15 times since 1981 • American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 Extends the credit retroactively back to January, 1st of 2012 and through December 31, 2013 • Many states have R&D Tax Credits Black Line Group – Confidential

26. Will filing an R&D Tax Credit trigger a tax audit? Filing an amended return for an R&D Tax Credit does not automatically trigger an audit. Exception: If you have a credit in excess of $1 million Black Line Group – Confidential

27. What Documentation Is Necessary To Sustain A Credit? “Audit Technique Guide for Research Credit Claims” issued in May 2008 • Establish nexus between QREs and QRAs • Implement a project tracking approach to support the wages associated with R&D • Track supply costs by project for expenses which are consumed or “used up” during the development process (at a minimum place into an account designated specifically for R&D expenses) • Document the development process not just the end result Black Line Group – Confidential

28. What Documentation Is Necessary To Sustain A Credit? Retain research activity documentation, such as: • Email Communications which show failures, problems, or concerns encountered during the development • Product or Project Specifications, Descriptions, or Proposals • Technical Reports / Test Reports and Results • Documentation of alternative supplies/materials/technology evaluated • Project Diagrams/Drawings/Pictures including older versions and conceptual drawings which differ from the final product • Issue Logs / Meeting Minutes /Flowcharts or Time Schedules / Schedules of Releases • Patent Applications or Abstracts • Contractual Agreements with Consultants and Customers Black Line Group – Confidential

29. Reading The Small Print • Determination of “open” years for amended R&D tax credits is contingent on usability of the credit (GBC rules) • R&D Credits can not reduce federal tax below the TMT/AMT • Credits can be carried back 1 year and carried forward 20 years Black Line Group – Confidential

30. Action Steps • At a minimum, evaluate the R&D Tax Credit opportunity for the current tax year • Evaluate whether it makes sense to go back to prior years • Can tax credits be used? • Can the claim be adequately documented? • Put in place a methodology/process for utilizing the R&D Tax Credit going forward Black Line Group – Confidential

31. The Bottom Line… • Substantial R&D tax credit savings going unclaimed • This is a valid tax planning opportunity – NOT a tax shelter • Even if you are claiming the R&D tax credit, you may be leaving dollars on the table Black Line Group – Confidential

32. Don’t hesitate to contact us after the seminar with any additional questions Scott Schmidt scott@blacklinegrp.com (763) 550-0111 3030 Harbor Lane Suite 216 Plymouth MN 55447 www.blacklinegrp.com Black Line Group – Confidential