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Causes

Causes. Treaty of Versailles Failure of International Pacts Collapse of the Peace System French Military Strategy Destruction of the League of Nations Policy of Appeasement Fascist Foreign Policy. Treaty of Versailles. Article 231 Heavy German Reparations ($32 billion)

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Causes

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  1. Causes • Treaty of Versailles • Failure of International Pacts • Collapse of the Peace System • French Military Strategy • Destruction of the League of Nations • Policy of Appeasement • Fascist Foreign Policy

  2. Treaty of Versailles • Article 231 • Heavy German Reparations ($32 billion) • Limit of Germany’s military • Hand over colonies and merchant fleet. • Give 1/3 of the coal extracted. • Redrawn boundaries. • Punitive Peace.

  3. Impact of Versailles: The settlement left considerable nationalist dissatisfaction among Germany’s wartime allies in Central Europe and the Balkans. Even among the victorious power, the treaty generated some apprehension. It seemed a precarious peace. When Marshall Foch of France read the treaty, he exclaimed, “This isn’t a peace, it’s a twenty year truce!”

  4. International Pacts: • 1922 The Washington Conference. • Disarmament movement. • Limit the sizes of the navies by tonnage. • 1925 The Locarno Pact • Germany accepted post-war borders. • Germany signed treaties with France, Belgium, Poland, and Czech • 1928 The Kellogg-Briand Pact: • Renounce the use of warfare as policy.

  5. Collapse of the Peace System(1929 - 1939) • Allied Unwillingness • Nations economically depressed. • Government policy and public support unwilling to keep Germany in check.

  6. French Military Strategy: • Lessons of World War I • Linear Defense • Developed a defensive mentality. • Constructed the Maginot Line • Weapons development promotes the development of mobile weapons.

  7. The Destruction of the League of Nations: • 1931 Japan invades Manchuria • 1935 Mussolini invades Ethiopia • 1938 Anschluss (Austria) • 1938 Germany claims the Sudentenland • Hitler’s foreign policy.

  8. Policy of Appeasement • Munich Conference • German demands for a Greater German Nation • Britain and France concede to Hitler’s demands. • Sudentenlands of Czechoslovakia were given to Germany. • 6 months later, Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia

  9. Fascist Foreign Policy: • Destroy Versailles • Rearm Germany. • Lebensraum. • True Intentions were war and territorial expansion.

  10. Russo-German Non-aggression Pact • Treaty signed by the German and Soviet governments • Design had both nations split Poland. • Ensured Hitler of a controlled war.

  11. World War IIThe Axis Phase: • 1939 Germany Invades Poland.

  12. Blitzkrieg

  13. Fall of France: • France Falls in Five Weeks. • England remains.

  14. The Battle of Britain: • Operation Sea Lion • Secure the Sea lanes of the English Channel • Destroy the RAF • First Air Battle

  15. Their Finest Hour

  16. The Turning Point (1942): • The Battle of Stalingrad • The Battle of Tobruk • The Battle of Midway (Pacific)

  17. The Final Solution:The Extermination of the World Jewry:

  18. Normandy: • U.S and U.K. open up a second front. • Fortress Europa breached.

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