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PERU POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

PERU POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT. Maria Lopez. REPUBLIC OF PERU. President: Alberto Fujimori (1990) Prime Minister: Alberto Bustamante Belaunde Area: 1,285.220 sq. km Population (1999): 26.624.582 Capital and longest city: Lima Monetary Unit: Nuevo Sol (1991). INTRODUCTION.

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PERU POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

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  1. PERU POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT Maria Lopez

  2. REPUBLIC OF PERU • President: Alberto Fujimori (1990) • Prime Minister: Alberto Bustamante Belaunde • Area: 1,285.220 sq. km • Population (1999): 26.624.582 • Capital and longest city: Lima • Monetary Unit: Nuevo Sol (1991)

  3. INTRODUCTION • Impoverished country • European conquest traumatic event • 1980-1990 constant insecurity • Different policies and regimes applied

  4. POLITICAL and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • 1970S, highlanders moved to Lima • 1980, accelerated process ( Shining Path) • 1992 one-third part of the population of the state lived in Lima

  5. 1990.- Rebound to Peruvian politics and society, result of: • Historic shift in its demographics and Limas racial composition • Dissafectation of Peruvians with their political institutions • Gradual desintegration of the state • Increasing class division • Antipathy within Peru’s multiethnic society

  6. FUJIMORI • Fujimori won the election in 1990 by 20 percent. • Electoral results reflects a total disatisfaction and lack of faith • Support by black and Indian Peruvians.

  7. ECONOMY • Corruption, economic chaos, guerrilla warfare and drug trafficking. • GNP shrank and inflation rate 7,6% • Free market -system and appeal to international lenders • Deregulated and decentrilized the economy • Inflation rate began to slow

  8. TERRORISM • Shinning Path most serious problem • Rural residents caught between two armies: • Major motivation for Fujimori’s military-backed selfcoup on April 5, 1992. • Dissolved the congress and suspended the national constitution • Armed peasants

  9. SELF-COUP • Step forward • Congress and Courts seen as corrupt and detached from the people • crisis of representation • Reformed version of Peru’s short-lived democracy • Reformed & modernized the whole political system • Decentralization and desconcentration of power • New Constitution, May 1993

  10. Refused offer of $36 million for drug interdiction • Economic greatly improved • Capture leader of the Shining Path • Fujimori re-elected in April 1995 • Dec 1996, Tapuc Amaru

  11. ACTUAL SITUATION • Critics to Fujimori’s administration • 1997, disastrous effects of El Niño • Fujimori´s popularity flagged • Economy bigger doubt • Weakness of his opponents

  12. PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE • 1. Social democratizacion • 2. Economic modernization • 3. Legitimacion of the state

  13. 1. Social democratization • Citizens equals with the same opportunities • Competition in the Marketplace • Access to political power unclear: • Political parties not respond citizens’ problems & social demands • Large number of independent political leaders

  14. 2. Economic modernization • Process slow and uneven. • New pattern of accumulation • Transparent, decentralized and participatory political regime

  15. Legitimation of the State • Fundamental prerequisite • Population need to identify with the state • Mechanics to control exercise of power and public authority • Efficacy in confronting the economic crisis and social desintegration • Judicial and legislative handicaps must be corrected

  16. CONCLUSION • Solution: • democratization • modernization • legitimation • Obstacles: • divided society • terrorism • economic policies • lack of confidence & no national identification

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