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Partial Oxidation of Benzene to Maleic Anhydride

Partial Oxidation of Benzene to Maleic Anhydride. Derek Becht Mike Raymond Eric Nette Matt Hunnemeder. Overview. Project Description Background Assumptions Solution Methodology Final Design Overall Comparison. Project Description. Reaction: Partial oxidation of benzene

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Partial Oxidation of Benzene to Maleic Anhydride

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  1. Partial Oxidation of Benzene to Maleic Anhydride Derek Becht Mike Raymond Eric Nette Matt Hunnemeder

  2. Overview • Project Description • Background • Assumptions • Solution Methodology • Final Design • Overall Comparison

  3. Project Description • Reaction: Partial oxidation of benzene • Reactor: Fixed bed reactor • Production: 50000 M tons/year maleic anhydride • Step by step modeling process Fogler H.S. Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering; Pearson Education: New Jersey, 2006.

  4. Maleic Anhydride

  5. Financial Considerations • Market Price3,4 • Maleic Anhydride: $1.54/kg - $ 1.70/kg • Benzene: $929.99/m3 – $940.55/m3 • Financial Earnings • $20,922,183/yr neglecting all cost, except feed

  6. Standard Assumptions • Open system + steady state • Negligible potential and kinetic energy • No mechanical or shaft work • Turbulent flow • Uniform temperature, pressure, and concentration within the control volume • 2 weeks downtime

  7. Benzene Specific Assumptions • 1.1 mol % inlet benzene5 • Conversion, XB, is 0.76 6 • Dry air • Negligible CO2 in air A. Bielanski, M. N. (1997). V2O5-MoO3 Catalysts for Benzene Oxidation. Applied catalysts , 223-261.

  8. Reactor and Particle Properties • Bulk Density7 = 930 kgcat/m3 • V2O5-MoO3 Particle Diameter8 = 0.006m • Void Fraction = 0.4 m3gas/m3rxtr • Heat Transfer Coefficient8 = 202.4 W/m2-K • Coolant Temperature8 = 653 K

  9. Solution Methodology • Ideal Reactor -> Realistic Reactor • Considerations: • Pressure drop • Side reactions • Temperature rise/drop

  10. Case 1: Ideal Reactor • Assumptions Reaction Kinetics • Isothermal • One reaction • Isobaric • Inlet Conditions Feed Rates • 658 K Benzene: 0.02122 kmol/s • 1.5 atm Oxygen: 0.4177 kmol/s • 1.1 mol% benzene Nitrogen: 1.577 kmol/s

  11. Conversion Profile

  12. Heat Duty Profile

  13. Case 2: Pressure Drop • Additional Assumptions Momentum Equations • Ideal Gas • Constant Density • Additional Property • Viscosity9 = 3.2197E-5 PaS

  14. Conversion Profile

  15. Particle Diameter

  16. Case 3: Multiple Reactions • Mechanism Rate Expressions 2 C6H6 + 6 O2 -> 3 C4H2O3 + 3 H2O C6H6 + 6 O2 -> 3 CO + 3 CO2 + 3 H2O

  17. Molar Flow Rates

  18. Selectivity

  19. Case 4: Energy Balance • Additional Assumptions • Constant heat capacity • Constant coolant temperature • Multi-tube reactor

  20. Coolant Temperature

  21. Inlet Temperature

  22. Final Design: Optimization • Pressure • Temperature

  23. Overall Comparison

  24. References 1) Barone et al., United States Patent 4018709. Patent Issued 1977. 2) Maleic anhydride - Chemical Profile. <http://www.the-innovation-group.com/ChemProfiles/Maleic%20Anhydride.htm>. (accessed 01/24/2008). 3) William Lemos. US Price Report – Maleic Anhydride. <http://www.icis.com/v2/chemicals/9076024/maleic-anhydride/pricing>. (accessed 01/25/2008). 4) Americas Market Summary – Benzene. http://www.icis.com/articles/2008/01/29/9096633/NOON-SNAPSHOT. (accessed 01/24/2008). 5) Sharma R.K. et al. (1984). Selective Oxidation of Benzene to maleic anhydride at Commercially Relevant Conditions. Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series, 353-360. 6) Americas Market Summary – Benzene. http://www.icis.com/articles/2008/01/29/9096633/NOON-SNAPSHOT. (accessed 01/24/2008). 7) U.S. Patents. (1996). Oxide catalyst and process for producing maleic anhydride by oxide catalyst (No. 266510 filed on 1994-06-27). 8) U.S. Patents. (1978). Process for the Manufacture of Maleic Anhydride (No. 4070379 filed on 10/21/1976). http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4070379.html 9) Chemical Database Property Constants. DIPPR Database [Online]. Available from Rowan Hall 3rd Floor Computer Lab. (Accessed on 1/24/2008).

  25. Questions and Comments?

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