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Physics

Physics. That branch of science that deals with matter and energy and their relationship to each other. Examples: Magnetism Electricity Electromagnetism. Some Relationships You Must Know:. Equivalencies – English, Metric, Scientific Notation. Fundamental Units of Measure.

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Physics

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  1. Physics That branch of science that deals with matter and energy and their relationship to each other. Examples: Magnetism Electricity Electromagnetism

  2. Some Relationships You Must Know: Equivalencies – English, Metric, Scientific Notation

  3. Fundamental Units of Measure Consist of measurements relating to length, mass and time. Length: Fundamental unit – Meter (approx. 3 ft) 100 cm in meter = .01 meter, 10-2, 1/100 1 inch = 2.54 cm Conversion from English to metric system (# Total inches X 2.54) – 4 inches X 2.54 = 10.16 c.m. Conversion from metric to English system (# Total c.m. / 2.54) 10.16 c.m./ 2.54 = 4 inches (40 inch SID X 2.54 = 101.6 c.m.) In radiology, the angstrom is often used to measure wavelength of x-rays and light. 1 A = 1 X 10-10 meters

  4. Fundamental Units of Measure • Mass – The quantity of matter in a body • (inertia) • Determined by weighing • unit of mass = kilogram • 1 kg = 2.2 lb • conversion from English to metric ( # total lbs/ 2.2), 120 lbs/ 2.2 = 54.54 kg • conversion from metric to English • (# total kg X 2.2), 54.54 kg X 2.2 = 119.988 lb

  5. Fundamental Units of Measure • Time • unit of measure is seconds • milliseconds are used often in radiology • milli = 1/1000 sec., .001 s, 10 -3 • To convert milliseconds to seconds, • move the decimal point 3 places to the • left. • To convert seconds to milliseconds, • move the decimal point 3 places to the right

  6. Other Commonly Used Units of Measurement in Radiology • Amps – # of electrons flowing per second • Often expressed in milliamps • 300 mA = .3 A • Exposure • REM – Measures biologic effect of radiation • Often given in millirem (mrem) • 50 mrem = .05 rem • RAD – Measures absorbed dose • Roentgen – Ionization in air • Voltage – Energy (push) behind electrons • Usually given in kilovoltage (kVP) • 100 kVp = 100,000 volts

  7. Know what each of the above units measure

  8. Energy The ability to do work Potential Energy – The ability to do work by virtue of position Kinetic Energy – Energy in motion

  9. Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy can neither be created nor destroyed • If may change forms, but will not cease to exist • Examples: • - Production of x-ray results in changing electron’s energy to x-ray and heat • - Interaction between x-ray and body matter • results in transferring original energy of • radiation to electrons or nucleus of atoms

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