Task

1. Task Jeryl M. Wayco Gerard Nicolai Indangan MinettelouMerca

2. Mining • Is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. • Usually from an ore body, vein or (coal) seam.

3. Coal Mining • The goal of coal mining is to economically remove coal from the ground.  • Methods of Extraction • --Modern surface mining • --Area mining • --Contour mining • --Mountaintop removal mining • --Room and pillar mining • --Underground mining

4. Industry of coal mining • hard coal, which includes coking coal used to produce steel, and other bituminous. • anthracite coals used for steam and power generation. • brown coal (sub-bituminous and lignite), which is used mostly as onsite fuel.  Coal Mining Coal mining is a profitable business.  It creates employment, generates value-added, and improves the foreign investment of a country or region.

5. Environmental Impacts • Coal mining can result in a number of adverse effects on the environment. • Coal Mining can destroy: the genetic soil profile, displaces or destroys wildlife and habitat, degrades air quality, alters current land uses, and to some extent permanently changes the general topography of the area mined.

6. Phosphates -an inorganic chemical, is a salt of phosphoric acid. -are naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus, found in many phosphate mineral.  - refers to a rock or ore containing phosphate ions. • Phosphate Mining

7. Environmental Impacts of Phosphate Mining •  Addition of high levels of phosphate to environments and to micro-environments in which it is typically rare can have significant ecological consequences. • Examples: • blooms in the populations of some organisms at the expense of others, and the collapse of populations deprived of resources such as oxygen can occur. 

8. Manganese • Achemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. • It is found as a free element in nature (often in combination with iron), and in many minerals.  • It is a silvery-gray metal resembling iron. • It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to oxidize.

9. Manganese Mining • Africa’s contribution to global manganese comes from South Africa, which has the world’s largest reserves of the metal (80%). • South Africa produces approximately 15% of global manganese each year - amounting to approximately 3.5 Mt.  • The annual growth rate for manganese ferroalloy demand usually falls in the range of 1% to 2% and is tied to steel production. • Manganese ore prices increased as a result of an increase in the international benchmark price for metallurgical-grade ore set between Japan and major suppliers in mid-2003. 

10. Environmental Impact • The mining of ferromanganese deposits from the deep sea will affect benthic and pelagic environments depending, to a great extent, on the methods of retrieval and separation employed. • Manganese effects occur mainly in the respiratory tract and in the brains. • Manganese can also cause Parkinson, lung embolism and bronchitis.

11. Dangers To Miners The miners are risking their lives for the Wall could collapse at any time and you can get lost, you can't breath underground .