Mediterranean Sea

1. Novgorod Volga River Baltic Sea Moscow Dnieper River Kiev Danube River Caucasus Mts Caspian Sea Tours Pyrenees Mts Alps Mts Venice Black Sea Constantinople Rome Cordoba Granada Baghdad Damascus Syria Mediterranean Sea Greece Spain Egypt Asia Minor Persia Byzantine Empire, AD 1100 Jerusalem Seljuk Empire, AD 1100 Cairo Early (Kievan) Russia, AD 1100 Nile River Medina Mecca

2. The Byzantine EmpireThe “New Rome”

3. AD 476: Western Rome fell due to barbarian invasions Eastern Rome survived for 1000 years (capital – Constantinople) Preserved Greek & Roman culture Byzantine Empire

5. Byzantine Empire falls to Ottoman Turks The Byzantine Empire! “Fall” of Western Roman Empire 1054 Catholic Church splits- Roman Catholic (West) & Eastern Orthodox (East) Constantine moves capital to Byzantium (renamed Constantinople) Rise of Culture and Cultural Diffusion Taxpayer revolt – crushed by Justinian Justinian becomes emperor Dark ages Germanic tribes (Franks and Goths) raid and sack Rome High Middle Ages Late Middle Ages Black Death

6. Constantinople: Where Europe & Asia Meet

8. Overlooked the Bosporus Strait Richest & largest European city Dominated economic life in the Mediterranean Major center of trade between the east & west Constantinople

9. Ventre’s Adventures

13. Influential Leaders

14. Justinian - 6th century emperor (eastern empire) Took power in 527 One of Byzantine’s greatest rulers Justinian & Theodora

16. Justinian’s wife Theodora was VERY influential during his reign Wanted to improve the social standing of women; urged Justinian to give women more rights Justinian & Theodora

17. Military Expansion

18. Belisarius: Peasant with little military experience Friend of Theodora’s Eventually appointed general of the Byzantine army Belisarius

19. Violent riot Occurred in Constantinople at the Hippodrome ½ the city burned or destroyed Thousands of people killed Nika Rebellion

20. When the taxpayers revolted Justinian wanted to flee Theodora advised against this course of action Justinian stayed & with the Belasarius’ help his army crushed the rebels Belisarius & Expansion

21. In addition, Belisarius fought a series of wars against the Vandals, Ostrogoths & Visigoths The Byzantines conquered these Germanic groups and extended their rule in the west War!!!!!

22. Conflict in the Church

23. During the 8th century a church controversy arose over the use of icons (religious images) in worship Eastern church (Constantinople) vs. Western church (Rome) Conflict in the Church

25. In AD 726 Emperor Leo III ordered the removal of all icons Believed that they encouraged superstition & the worship of idols Supporters known as iconoclasts, or icon breakers Conflict in the Church

26. Church officials resisted the Emperor’s demands & were supported by the Roman Pope Resulted in an argument over the true source of religious authority Eastern church or western church? Conflict in the Church

27. The Pope, in Rome, claimed that he was the supreme leader of church The Patriarch, in Constantinople, claimed that he was the supreme leader of the church Conflict in the Church

28. This controversy eventually resulted in a schism (separation) in 1054 Roman Catholic Church in the West & Eastern Orthodox Church in the East Conflict in the Church

29. And Finally…

30. Expanded the Empire Justinian’s Code The Hagia Sophia Helped spread Christianity Increased women's’ rights Justinian’s Accomplishments

33. The Plague of Justinian: In the worst year of the plague, 10,000 people died every day Destroyed a huge % of the empire’s population Decline of Empire

34. Foreign Invasions: Attacks from the Avars, Slavs, Bulgars and Persians GREATLY weakened the empire Decline of Empire

35. Ottoman Turks from central Asia attacked the Eastern provinces AD 1453 - Ottomans laid siege to Constantinople Constantinople fell… Fall of Constantinople