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Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 9: How Do We Know? Memory

Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 9: How Do We Know? Memory. Memory - What’s it for?. Why don’t we remember everything about all our past experiences?. 1. . 2. . Memory - What’s it for?. Why don’t we remember everything about all our past experiences?. 3. . 4. .

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Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 9: How Do We Know? Memory

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  1. Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 9: How Do We Know? Memory

  2. Memory - What’s it for? Why don’t we remember everything about all our past experiences? 1. 2.

  3. Memory - What’s it for? Why don’t we remember everything about all our past experiences? 3. 4.

  4. Memory - What’s it for? For our memory systems to function efficiently we have to forget much of our experience or ignore it all together (ie. never encode it).

  5. Change Blindness - What’s Important for Us to Remember?

  6. How is the Mind Organized to Think? Cognitive Processes • Learning • Reading • Problem Solving • Cognitive Heuristics • Mathematics • Memory • Language • Categorization • Recognition • Object knowledge • Thinking about Minds

  7. Information Processing: Bottom-Up Influences

  8. Bottom-Up Influences Example

  9. What’s the Mind Designed to Do? • Too general a problem -

  10. Information Processing: Top-Down Influences

  11. Top-Down Influences Example

  12. Top-Down Influences Example

  13. Top-Down Influences Example

  14. Top-Down Influences Example: Change Blindness • If cognition were only influenced by bottom-up processes, - • How much of the physical stimulus do we actually encode and remember? • What kind of information is important for us to hold on to for future reference?

  15. Change Blindness - What’s Important for Us to Remember?

  16. The Organization of Cognition • Cognitive Modules designed by Evolution = • Triggered and influenced by environmental input =

  17. Facts about Memory • “Our memory is our coherence, our reason, our feeling, even our action.” - Luis Bunuel

  18. Facts about Memory

  19. Memory Modules

  20. Short-Term/Working Memory (15-30 sec) No Rehearsal

  21. Long-Term Memory (years)

  22. Long-Term Memory (years)

  23. ch _ _ mu _ _ _ og _ y _ _ _ _ v _ c _ do o _ t _ _ us Implicit Memory • Being influenced by a memory - • Priming:

  24. Implicit Memory • Being influenced by a memory of a prior experience without having conscious memory of the experience. • Procedural:

  25. Explicit Memory

  26. Explicit Memory • Episodic:

  27. Explicit Memory • Memory for facts and events that is available to conscious recall • Semantic:

  28. Implicit vs. Explicit Memories

  29. Memory Performance • Practice effect -

  30. Memory Performance • Retention effect -

  31. Retention Effect

  32. Memory as a Designed Cognitive Module

  33. Modularity within the Memory Module • Memory for food vs. memory for water • Memory on a short-term basis vs. memory on a long-term basis • Memory for how to do things vs. memory for facts and events

  34. Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain Working Memory Deficits - • Lesions to - • ADHD? D’Esposito, et al. 2000

  35. Mammillary bodies - Fornix - Hippocampus Fornix Mammillary bodies Hippocampus Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain

  36. Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain Antegrade Amnesia -

  37. Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain Korsakof’s - can’t form new memories • Oliver Sack’s patient Mr. Thompson

  38. Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain

  39. Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain Retrograde Amnesia - • Usually impairment in __________ memory • A different pathology effects _________ memory

  40. Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain Alzheimer’s Disease - Semantic Dementia -

  41. Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain Impairments in implicit memory: • Involves damage to the ___________

  42. Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain Impairments in implicit memory: Striatum = ________ + _________

  43. Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain Parkinson’s Disease - Huntington’s Disease -

  44. Memory Modularity Even though there are separate memory modules designed to solve problems that reflect real-world occurrences of events.. Memory Modules also interact:

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