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Byzantium Becomes the New Rome. A New Rome in a New Setting Setting The Stage. Byzantine was named after Byzantium, which was rebuilt by Emperor Constantine. Thus, Byzantine became the capital of the Roman Empire.. A New Rome in a New Setting Justinian: A New Line of Caesars . In 527, Justinian became the Byzantine emperor. In 533, Justinian sent an army to try to regain control of Italy and restore the Roman Empire once again. Over the next 16 years, Rome changed hands six time among many Ge1145
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1. Brandon Arnett-Pickens
Bryce Gibbins Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500-1500
2. Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
3. A New Rome in a New Setting Setting The Stage Byzantine was named after Byzantium, which was rebuilt by Emperor Constantine. Thus, Byzantine became the capital of the Roman Empire.
4. A New Rome in a New Setting Justinian: A New Line of Caesars In 527, Justinian became the Byzantine emperor.
In 533, Justinian sent an army to try to regain control of Italy and restore the Roman Empire once again. Over the next 16 years, Rome changed hands six time among many Germanic tribes.
After many campaigns, his army managed to win almost all of Italy and much of Spain from the Germans.
5. Building the New Rome In order to regulate a complex society, Justinian employed a panel of legal experts to create complete code of laws based on the laws of ancient Rome.
This body of civil law, The Justinian Code, served the empire for 900 years.
6. Building the New Rome Creating the Imperial Capital Justinian also worked at making Constantinople a strong and beautiful capital.
He built high, strong walls to protect the city from attack by either land or sea. He built a huge palace, public baths, courts, schools, hospitals, and many churches.
7. Building the New Rome Constantinople’s Hectic Pace The main street of the city ran from the emperor’s palace past public buildings and to the city walls.
It was lined with shops and open-air markets, where people bought and sold goods from Asia, Africa, and Europe.
8. Byzantinium Preserves Learning Education was valued in the empire. Most families sent their children to public school or hired tutors.
They learned Euclidean geometry, Roman literature, Latin grammar, and memorized Homer’s epics.
9. The Empire Confronts Its Enemies The Mysterious Plague of Justinian The empire faced further dangers. A terrible illness, probably caused by rats, broke out in 542.
It killed thousands of people and returned every 8 to 12 years until about 700 A.D.
The many deaths that this illness caused weakened the Byzantine Empire.
10. The Empire Confronts Its Enemies Attacks from East and West Many enemies attacked the empire time and time again over the centuries.
German tribes, the Sassanid Persians, and later Muslim armies all tried to gain control of Byzantine land. Constantinople remained safe at this time despite many attacks.
11. The Church Divides Split Between Rome and Constantinople The Eastern Church was led by an official named the patriarch, the leading bishop. However, even he had to obey the emperor.
Slowly the Eastern and Roman churches grew further apart.
12. The Church Divides Byzantine Missionaries Convert the Slavs Some missionaries traveled from the Byzantine Empire to the north. They met the Slavic peoples who lived in Russia and converted them to the eastern form of Christianity.
In this way, the influence of the Byzantine Empire entered Russia as that nation began to form.
13. Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
14. Both Slavic and Greek The Land of Russia’s Birth Russia’s first unified territory originated west of the Ural Mts. In the region that runs from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Hilly grasslands are found in the south of that area. The north however is densely forested, flat, and swampy.
15. Both Slavic and Greek Slavs and Vikings In the early days of the Byzantine Empire, these forests was inhabited by tribes of Slavic farmers, and traders. They spoke similar languages, but have no political unity. Sometime in the 800s, small bands of adventurers came down among them from the north.
These Varangians, of Russians they were also called, but were most likely Vikings. Eventually, the Vikings built forts along the rivers, and settled among the Slavs.
16. Both Slavic and Greek Kiev Becomes Orthodox In 957 a member of the Kievan nobility paid a visit to Constantinople, and publicly converted to Christianity. Her name was Princess Olga. When her grandson Vladimir came to the throne he considered conversion to Christianity
Vladimir sent out teams to observe the major religions at that time. Three teams returned with accounts of Islam, Judaism, and Western Christianity. The team from Byzantium told quite a different story. This report convinced Vladimir to convert to Byzantine Christianity, and make all his subjects convert as well.
17. Both Slavic and Greek Trading Begins Around 880, a nobleman named Oleg moved south to Kiev a city on the Dnieper River. From Kiev, the Vikings could sail by river they could trade for the products from distant lands.
18. Kiev’s Power and Decline Russian Empire Emerges The Russian Empire came alive during the reign of Ivan III (1462-1505)
Byzantine Empire had fallen to the Turks (1453) and Ivan III married the niece of the last Byzantine Emperor
Called himself Czar and proclaimed Russia the “Third Rome”
1480, Ivan III made a final break from the Mongols and pursues his own empire
19. Kiev’s Power and Decline Power Struggles Bring on Kiev’s Decline After Yaroslav’s death, Kiev’s prosperity and prominence started to decline
Yaroslav made a bad mistake of dividing up power to his sons instead of giving the throne to the eldest
His sons tore the state apart fighting for territory
The Crusades and the Mongol invasion in the 1200’s added to Kiev’s troubles in trade
20. Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
21. Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia The Turks March from Central Asia Turks had superior military skills
Abbasids bought Turkish children as laves
They trained them to be warriors also known as mamelukes
The Abbasids were slowly falling apart as an empire
1055, A Turkish group known as the Seljuks attatcked and captured Baghdad
1071, The Turks marched on the Byzantine Empire
At the Battle of Manzikert the Turks crushed the Byzantines
Seljuk Sultanate of Rum survived in Anatolia after the rest of the Seljuk Empire Crumbled
22. Turks Secure Persian Support Seljuk rulers chose city of Isfahan as capital
Appointed local Persians as government officials
Admired Persian drive for learning
ToghrilBeg was founder of Seljuk empire
Malik Shah was one of the most famous sultans
Built the great mosque MasjidiJame
Patronized Omar Khayyam who wrote Rubaiyat
23. Seljuks Confront Crusaders 1099 Crusaders captured Jerusalem and established a Christian kingdom
1187 under Kurdish leader Saladin the Moslems recapture Jerusalem
Saladin and King Richard I signed a truce
More crusades followed but they were
weak
1092 Malik died and the empire started to crumble
At that time a series of military assault begin
Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade
Supposed to drive the Turks out of
Jerusalem and Anatolia
24. Seljuks Face the Mongols Genghis Khan brought the Mongols to Persia
Leveled any cities that stood in their way
1258 grandson Hulagu took Baghdad, slaughtered tens of thousands
Mongol belief warned against spilling royal blood
So they wrapped the caliph in a carpet and trampled him to death with horses
The Mongols go on to create the largest land empire in history
