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Policy Modification

Policy Modification. HAS 4320. Incrementalism. Continuous modification Modest changes Mechanism for compromises. Modification. At the agenda setting stage At the implementation stage. Evaluation. Ex-ante policy analysis Policy maintenance Policy monitoring Ex-post policy evaluation.

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Policy Modification

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  1. Policy Modification HAS 4320

  2. Incrementalism • Continuous modification • Modest changes • Mechanism for compromises

  3. Modification • At the agenda setting stage • At the implementation stage

  4. Evaluation • Ex-ante policy analysis • Policy maintenance • Policy monitoring • Ex-post policy evaluation

  5. An example…Medicare • 1935…Social Security Act • 1950s…Truman • 1960…amendments to Social Security • 1967…more amendments • 1972…more amendments • 1976…reorganization of the U.S. Dept of Health, Education and Welfare

  6. An example…Medicare • 1977…rural health clinic amendments • 1977…antifraud and abuse amendments • 1978…end-stage renal disease amend. • 1980…OBRA ‘80 • 1981…OBRA ’81 • 1982…TEFRA • 1983…social security amendments

  7. An example…Medicare • 1984…DEFRA • 1985…Gramm-Rudman-Hollins Act • 1985…COBRA ’85 • 1986…OBRA ’86 • 1987…OBRA ’87 • 1988…Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act

  8. An example…Medicare • 1989…OBRA ’89 • 1990…OBRA ’90 • 1993…OBRA ’93 • 1993-96…Clinton health care reform • 1997…Balanced Budget Act of 1997

  9. Political Competence • Two major concerns • Ability to analyze and influence

  10. The benefits of analysis • Clarify and organize • Current issues • Emerging issues • Speculate about the future • Link policy to goals

  11. Limitations • Tough to predict the future • Policymaking is complicated • Tough to discern impact • Lack of resources

  12. Procedure of analysis • Scanning • Monitoring • Forecasting • Trends • Scenarios • Assessing • Diffusing

  13. Influence … Focus and Power • Positional power • Reward or coercive power • Expert power

  14. Policy making model…a map • Influencing policy formulation • At agenda setting • At legislation development • Influencing policy implementation • At rulemaking • At policy operation • Influencing policy modification

  15. Corporate citizenship • Ethical business behavior • Stakeholder commitment • Environmental commitment • Socially responsible workforce

  16. Why? • Economics • Health…our mission

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