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THE FEDERALIST ERA 1789-1816. PRESIDENTS WASHINGTON, ADAMS, JEFFERSON, and MADISON. WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY. FIRST JOB: PUT THE NEW GOVERNMENT IN TO ACTION: HIS CABINET- CONGRESS PROPOSED AND THE STATES APPROVED A “BILL OF RIGHTS”.—protected natural rights and created legal rights.
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THE FEDERALIST ERA1789-1816 PRESIDENTS WASHINGTON, ADAMS, JEFFERSON, and MADISON
WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY • FIRST JOB: PUT THE NEW GOVERNMENT IN TO ACTION: • HIS CABINET- • CONGRESS PROPOSED AND THE STATES APPROVED A “BILL OF RIGHTS”.—protected natural rights and created legal rights. • 5 MAJOR ISSUES OF WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY: • DEBT: HAMILTON’S 5 PART PLAN • 5% Tariff on all imports • Assumption of state debts • (Compromise on location of new capital city) • Pay off bonds or exchange for new interest-bearing bonds at face value • Raise excise taxes gradually -- 25% whiskey tax • 1794 Whiskey Rebellion • Bank of the US • Article 1, section 8, cl. 18 • Led to political parties. • INDIAN PROBLEMS ON THE FRONTIER • Treaty of Greenville • FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789 • Citizen Genet WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND 1793 Neutrality Proclamation England issued the 1st Orders of Council. • Jay’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty
TRANSISTION: WASHINGTON TO ADAMS • WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS • WASHINGTON’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS: • 3 treaties, ended Indian hostilities, paid the debt, avoided war, added 3 new states, demonstrated power of national government. • ELECTION OF 1796- • Candidates , vote, results PRESIDENCY OF JOHN ADAMS- (1797-1801) • THE “NEAR WAR” WITH FRANCE- _ “xyz” Affair • Alien and Sedition Acts KENTUCKY AND VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS • CONVENTION OF 1800 • ELECTION OF 1800 (NOV 1800) • CANDIDATES, VOTE, RESULTS • 12TH AMENDMENT (1803) MIDNIGHT APPOINTMENTS- (while Adams is a “lame-duck”) Judiciary Act of 1801--Federal Judges • John Marshall Chief Justice • Marbury v. Madison, 1803 • Marbury sued for a Writ of Mandamus– based on the Judiciary Act of 1789 • Judicial review—declared section 13 of Jud. Act 1789 unconstl. • US is a govt. of laws not men. Art III does not give SCt. original jurisdiction for a writ of mandamus. WILLIAM MARBURY J..MARSHALL CHARLES TALLEYRAND NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
JEFFERSON’S ADMINISTRATION • AMERICA IN THE LATE 18TH, EARLY 19TH CENTURIES: • WASHINGTON, DC. • INAUGURAL ADDRESS: • HIS PRESIDENCY: • 1. WHISKEY TAX • 2. ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS • 3. MILITARY BUILD-UP • 4. JUDICIAL DISPUTES • JUDGE PICKERING, SAMUEL CHASE • 5. WAR ON THE HIGH SEAS(FRANCE AND ENGLAND) • 6. WAR WITH BARBARY PIRATES • 7. BURR-HAMILTON DUEL (ESSEX JUNTA) • 8. BURR’S TREASON TRIAL 1807 • 9. SLAVE REVOLT IN SANTO DOMINGO (Haiti) • TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE (BLACK NAPOLEON) • 10. LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1803 • ACCESS TO RIVERS, • ELIMINATE A FOREIGN THREAT, • MORE LAND FOR MORE FARMERS • 11. FALL OF FEDERALIST PARTY • PURCHASE OF LOUISIANA (MANIFEST DESTINY) • FAILURE OF ESSEX JUNTA • DEATH OF HAMILTON
THE GREAT ADVENTURE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION: Meriwether Lewis and William Clark—Corps of Discovery May 1804- Sept. 1806 York, Sacajawea, Ft. Clatsop THREAT OF WAR, AGAIN!! • NAPOLEONIC WARS: (1803-1814) • AMERICA WANTED NEUTRALITY • EXPORTS OF FOOD GREW FROM $66.5 MILLION- $102.2 (1803-07) -OTHER EXPORTS GREW (cotton and manufactured items) $13.5-58.4 -IN THE WAR: Eng. was winning at sea, and France on land. Eng. reinstituted the Essex Decision (Rule of 1756) Eng..—Orders of Council 1807 France—Berlin Decree 1807 FR.—Milan Decree 1807 Result: ----- Impressment of sailors at an all time high ----- Seizing of ships and cargo
JEFFERSON’S RESPONSE • 1807— USS Chesapeake attacked: • ORDERED ALL GOVERNORS TO CALL UP MILITIA. (100,000) • AVOID WAR AT ALL COSTS…because it would: • INCREASE TAXES • INCREASE THE DEBT • INCREASE THE SIZE OF THE BUREAUCRACY (Govt. employees) • EMBARGO ACT 1807 • “PEACEABLE COERCION” • CLOSED ALL AMERICAN PORTS AND NO EXPORTS • INCREASED SMUGGLING • HURT ECONOMY $108 MILL-$22 MILL. • RECESSION IN NEW ENGLAND • ELECTION OF 1808 • PRESIDENTIAL: MADISON V. C. PINCKNEY • CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS: FEDERALISTS GAINED • STATE ELECTIONS : FEDERALISTS SMALL GAINS
“MR. MADISON’S WAR” • CAUSES OF THE WAR OF 1812 • 1. FAILURE OF DIPLOMACY WITH ENGLAND • US PROPOSAL TO BR. AMB.ERSKINE • BR. MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS CHANNING REFUSED IT. • 2. NON-INTERCOURSE ACT (repealed the Embargo Act) • 3. MACON’S BILL #2 • 4. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION-Presidential Proclamation • WEST FLORIDA, BATON ROUGE • 5. REPEAL OF MILAN DECREE 1810 • 6. INDIAN PROBLEMS—RED STICK CONFEDERACY 1811 • --TECUMSEH AND THE PROPHET • 7. PARLIAMENT DISCUSSES REPEALING THE “ORDERS OF COUNCIL” spring 1812. • 8. DEATH OF LORD PERCIVAL • 9. “WAR HAWKS” • LEADERS • BELIEFS • 10. DECLARATION OF WAR—JUNE 9, 1812 • REASONS • LORD CASTLEREAGH—JUNE 16, 1812 REPEALED THE ORDERS OF COUNCIL
WAR OF 1812 • INITIAL BATTLES • WAR AT SEA • US FLEET – 7 SMALL BATTLESHIPS (FRIGATES) AND 100S OF PRIVATEERS • USS CONSTITUTION, USS UNITED STATES, USS CONSTELLATION • TECHNIQUES USED: CROSSING THE “T”, DRAG ANCHOR • USS CONST. V. HMS GUIERRE—”OLD IRONSIDES” • FIGHT FOR CANADA • AUG. 1812—GEN. WILLIAM HULL • JAN. 1813– GEN. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON • SEPT. 1813—ADM. OLIVER HAZZARD PERRY “PUT-IN-BAY” • OCT. 1813—BATTLE OF THE THAMES • TECUMSEH IS KILLED. • NOV. 1813 US ATTACKS AND BURNS THE CITY OF YORK—PROVINCIAL CAPITAL OF CANADA (TORONTO)
1813-1814 • OCT. 1813—Napoleon defeated at Leipzig • MAR 1814—TREATY OF CHAUMONT— • April 1814 Napoleon abdicates the throne • Napoleon exiled to Elba • SPRING 1814 COL. ANDREW JACKSON AND THE TENNESSEE VOLUNTEERS DEFEAT THE CREEK INDIANS AT THE BATTLE OF HORSESHOE BEND—ENDS RED STICK CONFEDERACY. • EARLY AUGUST 1814 BR. LAND TROOPS IN MARYLAND • AUG. 24, 1814—WASHINGTON, DC BURNED • SEPT. 1814, BATTLE OF FT. McHENRY • FRANCIS SCOTT KEY WRITES THE “STAR SPANGLED BANNER” SEPT. 1814—BATTLE OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN (Plattsburg, NY) DEC. 1814-- HARTFORD CONVENTION DEC, 1814--PEACE CONFERENCE OF GHENT DEC. 24, 1814 TREATY OF GHENT DEC. 24—BATTLE OF CHALMETTE JAN. 8—BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
AFTERMATH OF THE WAR • RESULTS OF THE WAR OF 1812 • 1. DEATH OF FEDERALIST PARTY • 2. PEACE AND RESPECT FROM ENGLAND • 1815 TRADE AGREEMENT • 1815 JOINT NAVAL FORCE ENDED BARBARY PIRATES • 1817 RUSH-BAGOT AGREEMENT • 1818 FISHERIES CONVENTION • 1818 CONVENTION OF 1818 • 3. BROKE INDIAN RESISTANCE EAST OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER • 4. NEW WAVE OF NATIONALISM • 5. MONROE ELECTED PRESIDENT “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” • 6. 2ND BANK OF THE UNITED STATES CHARTERED • 7. NATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS • 8. ECONOMIC RECESSION • 9. NEW TARIFF • 10. JACKSON INVADES FLORIDA. • 11. TRANSCONTINENTAL TREATY (ADAMS-ONIS TREATY)
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS EICHHOLTZ • AMERICAN LITERATURE AND ART • Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, James Fennimore Cooper, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow • AMERICAN SYSTEM: Compromise—politics, internal improvements, economic issues • Henry Clay—Missouri Compromise • SECTIONALISM • Beliefs of each region and their leaders: • NORTHEAST • SOUTH • WEST PEALE JARVIS MORSE CATLIN
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1816-1824 PANIC OF 1819. • LATIN AMERICAN POLICY • REVOLUTIONS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA • MIGUEL HIDALGO • JOSE DE SAN MARTIN • BERNARDO O’HIGGINS • SIMON BOLIVAR • CHANNING DOCTRINE • PROPOSED TERMS • MONROE DOCTRINE • TERMS