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Chemical Safety

Chemical Safety. Joe Nail. Hazard Communication Standard. 1910.1200. Subpart Z. Introduction . What is a Chemical Hazard? Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury, or an emergency. Chemical Hazards Physical Health. Chemical Hazards. Chemical Hazards. Pyrophoric

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Chemical Safety

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  1. Chemical Safety Joe Nail Hazard Communication Standard 1910.1200 Subpart Z Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  2. Introduction • What is a Chemical Hazard? • Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury, or an emergency. • Chemical Hazards • Physical • Health Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  3. Chemical Hazards Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  4. Chemical Hazards • Pyrophoric • Flammable Chemicals • Combustible Chemicals • Oxidizers Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  5. OHSA’s Haz-Com Standard OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the work setting. Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard Communication Standard requires that information and training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employees who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical “under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.” Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways, including: Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  6. Purpose • The purpose of the standard is to make sure that the hazards of chemicals are evaluated • That information concerning their hazards is communicated to employers and employees

  7. Who is covered • OSHA’s Hazard Communication (HazCom) standard applies to general industry, shipyard, marine terminals, longshoring, and construction employment and covers chemical manufacturers, importers, employers, and employees exposed to chemical hazards. Horizontal

  8. HazCom Requirements • The hazardous chemical inventory • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) • Labels, tags or signs • The written Hazard Communication program Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  9. Background • The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based on a simple concept--that employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they are exposed to when working

  10. Background • They also need to know what protective measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring • The HCS is designed to provide employees with the information they need MSDS

  11. Employers • Employers are required to provide information to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed using: • A hazard communication program • labels and other forms of warnings • material safety data sheets (MSDS) • information and training

  12. Warehouse and Retail Operations • In work operations where employees only handle chemicals in sealed containers, which are not opened under normal conditions • Employers must only do the following: • Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not defaced or removed • Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments • Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS

  13. Warehouse and Retail Operations • Provide employees with information and training (no written program required) to the extent necessary to protect them in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed container

  14. Labeling Exemptions • Other federal agencies control the labeling requirements for the following substances: • Pesticides • Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act • Foods or food additives • Distilled Spirits, tobacco • Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics • Hazardous wastes

  15. Employer Requirements-Written Program • Employers must develop a written program that covers at least: • Labels and other forms of warnings • Material Safety Data Sheets • Employee Information and Training

  16. Employer Requirements-Written Program • Employers must develop a written program that covers at least: • A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical • The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards non-routine tasks • The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes

  17. Multi-Employer Workplaces • If employees of other employers could be exposed to hazardous chemicals the program must include: • Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed to • The methods used to inform other employers of any precautionary measures to be taken for normal and emergency situations • The employers chemical labeling system

  18. Consumer Products Exemption • Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer Product Safety Act where the employer can show that: • It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended • The use results in a duration and frequency of exposure which is not greater than the range of exposures that could reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the purpose intended

  19. Written Program Availability • The employer must make the written program available, upon request, to: • Employees and their designated representatives • Where work is carried out at more than one location, the program may be kept at the main location

  20. Labels, Tags and Markings • The employer must ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with the following: • Identity of the hazardous chemical • Appropriate hazard warnings • This above labeling information is required of the manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the original labels from the manufacturer are on all containers and remain legible

  21. Container Labeling Exemption for Portable Containers • The employer is not required to label portable containers into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from labeled containers, and which are intended only for the immediate use by the employee who performs the transfer

  22. The employer need not affix new labels to comply with the standard if existing labels already covey the required information

  23. New Hazard Information • Manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers who become newly aware of significant information regarding chemical hazards shall: • Revise the labels for the chemical within three months • Revise the MSDS for the chemical within three months

  24. MSDS kept in other forms • MSDS may be kept in any form including operating procedures • It may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals

  25. Employee Information and Training • Employers must provide employees information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: • At the time of their initial assignment • Whenever a new physical or health hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area • Training may cover categories of hazards

  26. Employee Information • Employers must inform employees: • Of the training requirements of this section (1910.1200 (h) Employee information and training.); • Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present; • The location and availability of the written hazard communication program

  27. Employee Training • Employee training shall include at least: • The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area • The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area • Measures employees can take to protect themselves • Details of the employers specific program

  28. Health Hazards • Category A-Biological Agents • Category B-Physical Agents • Category C-Chemical Agents • Chemical Agents-This Discussion Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  29. Chemical Health Effects • Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact. • Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of contact. • Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions. • Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific body organs and systems. • Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic information in egg or sperm cells and/or damage fetus after conception. • Carcinogens: Cause cancer. Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  30. Health Hazards • Sensitizers • Target-Organ Chemicals • Reproductive Hazards • Carcinogens Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  31. Health Hazards • Irritants • Corrosives Industrial Safety Lecture Three

  32. Corrosive • Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to body tissue • Acids • Caustics (or bases) Caustics (or bases) pH Scale Acids 1 7 14

  33. Target Organ Effects

  34. Hepatotoxins • Chemicals which produce liver damage • Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement • Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

  35. Nephrotoxins • Chemicals which produce kidney damage • Signs and Symptoms: Edema • Chemicals: Halogenated Hydrocarbons, uranium

  36. Neurotoxins • Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system • Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, decreased motor function • Chemicals: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead

  37. Agents which act on the blood • Decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissues of oxygen • Signs and Symptoms: Cyanosis, loss of consciousness • Chemicals: Carbon monoxide, cyanides

  38. Agents which damage the lungs • Chemicals which damage pulmonary tissue • Signs and Symptoms: Cough, tightness in the chest, loss of breath • Chemicals: Asbestos, silica

  39. Reproductive toxins • Chemicals which damage reproductive capabilities • Includes chromosomal damage (mutations) and damage to fetuses (teratogenesis) • Signs and Symptoms: Birth defects, sterility • Chemicals: Lead

  40. Cutaneous hazards • Chemicals which effect the dermal layer of the body • Signs and Symptoms: Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation • Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated compounds

  41. Eye hazards • Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity • Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage, blurred vision, burning or irritation • Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives

  42. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are one of the most important tools available to employers for providing information, and protection to workers from hazardous chemicals which are used in the workplace. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

  43. Identity of the chemical Physical and chemical characteristics Physical hazards Chemical hazards Primary routes of entry PEL’s or other exposure limits Control measures Emergency procedures Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens precautions for safe handling and use Date of preparation Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer 1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required information

  44. Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form) 29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements. Form Approved OMB No. 1218-0072 IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to indicate that. Section I Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for Information Date Prepared Signature of Preparer (optional)

  45. Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity; Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other Limits Recommended %(optional)

  46. Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1) Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate(Butyl Acetate = 1) Solubility in Water Appearance and Odor

  47. Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LEL UEL Extinguishing Media Special Fire Fighting Procedures Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

  48. Section V - Reactivity Data Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid Stable Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid) Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts HazardousPolymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid Will Not Occur

  49. Section VI - Health Hazard Data Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion? Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic) Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated? Signs and Symptoms of Exposure Medical ConditionsGenerally Aggravated by Exposure Emergency and First Aid Procedures

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